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IMMUNE SYSTEM NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE

Explore the non-specific defense mechanisms of the immune system, structures involved, and how it fights pathogens to prevent infections. Learn about the first and second lines of defense, types of lymphocytes, and responses against various antigens.

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IMMUNE SYSTEM NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE

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  1. PP. 957-960 IMMUNE SYSTEMNON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE

  2. FUNCTION • Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease

  3. FUNCTION • Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease • Works with the lymphatic system (collects fluid and returns it to the blood)

  4. STRUCTURES • Bone marrow: produces blood cells • Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc)

  5. STRUCTURES • Bone marrow: produces blood cells • Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc) • Lymph nodes: stores wbc • Thymus: matures wbc

  6. STRUCTURES • Bone marrow: produces blood cells • Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc) • Lymph nodes: stores wbc • Thymus: matures wbc • Spleen: contains wbc that clean out pathogens as blood filters through

  7. INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to.

  8. INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to. • pathogens: cause disease

  9. INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to. • pathogens: cause disease • viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA • Bacteria • Fungi (spores) • Parasites • Toxins (snake bites etc)

  10. INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to. • pathogens: cause disease • viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA • Bacteria • Fungi (spores) • Parasites • Toxins (snake bites etc) • Allergens: Cause allergies (pollen etc.) • Put Your Hands Together

  11. Nonspecific Defense • Protects body against any pathogen, regardless of the pathogen’s identity.

  12. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE • Skin • Block entry • Toxic-Sweat & Oil

  13. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE • Skin • Block entry • Toxic-Sweat & Oil • mucous membranes • Mucous-traps pathogens • Cilia-moves pathogens out of body

  14. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE • Skin • Block entry • Toxic-Sweat & Oil • mucous membranes • Mucous-traps pathogens • Cilia-moves pathogens out of body • stomach acids • destroys pathogens

  15. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Inflammatory response

  16. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Inflammatory response • Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area

  17. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Inflammatory response • Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area • Platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens

  18. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Inflammatory response • Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area • Platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens • Area swells, becomes warm, and macrophages/phagocyte (wbc) move in and engulf bacteria

  19. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production

  20. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production • fever: slow growth of bacteria and increase activity of wbc • Should a fever always be treated? Why or why not?

  21. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Your body has many different types of lymphocytes (WBC)

  22. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Your body has many different types of lymphocytes (WBC) • Types of Phagocytes (engulf) • Neutrophils: Ingest pathogens

  23. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSENon Specific Response • Your body has many different types of lymphocytes (WBC) • Types of Phagocytes (engulf) • Neutrophils: Ingest pathogens • Macrophage: Engulf pathogens & other cell debris • Natural Killer Cells: Burst pathogen infected cells

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