1 / 11

Cells: The Living Units

Explore the stages of mitosis - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis. Learn about cell development from embryo to aging and theories on genetic aging factors.

bdarrel
Download Presentation

Cells: The Living Units

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PART 3 Cells: The Living Units

  2. The Stages of Mitosis • Prophase – the first and longest stage of mitosis • Early prophase – chromatin threads condense into chromosomes • Chromosomes are made up of two threads called chromatids (sister chromatids) • Chromatids are held together by the centromere • Centriole pairs separate from one another • The mitotic spindle forms

  3. The Stages of Mitosis • Prophase (continued) • Late prophase – centrioles continue moving away from each other • Nuclear membrane fragments PLAY Prophase PLAY Prometaphase

  4. Early Prophase and Late Prophase Figure 2.18 (1 of 2)

  5. The Stages of Mitosis • Metaphase – the second stage of mitosis • Chromosomes cluster at the middle of the cell • Centromeres are aligned along the equator • Anaphase – the third and shortest stage of mitosis • Centromeres of chromosomes split PLAY Metaphase PLAY Anaphase

  6. Metaphase and Anaphase Figure 2.18 (2 of 2)

  7. The Stages of Mitosis • Telophase begins as chromosomal movement stops • Chromosomes at opposite poles of the cell uncoil • Resume threadlike extended-chromatin form • A new nuclear membrane forms • Cytokinesis completes the division of the cell into two daughter cells PLAY Telophase PLAY Cytokinesis

  8. Telophase and Cytokinesis PLAY Mitosis Figure 2.18

  9. Developmental Aspects of Cells • Youth – begin as a fertilized egg • Cells in embryo • Exposed to chemical signals • Chemicals channel cells into specific pathways of development • Cell specialization leads to structural variation of cell types

  10. Developmental Aspects of Cells • Aging – a complex process caused by a variety of factors • Free radical theory • Damage from byproducts of cellular metabolism • Radicals build up and damage essential molecules of cells • Mitochondrial theory • A decrease in production of energy by mitochondria weakens and ages our cells

  11. Developmental Aspects of Cells • Genetic theory proposes that aging is programmed by genes • Telomeres – “end caps” on chromosomes • Telomerase – prevents telomeres from degrading

More Related