What is Child Sexual Exploitation? A presentation into the realities and challenges of CSE

1. What is Child Sexual Exploitation? A presentation into the realities and challenges of CSE Det Inspector Mick SPELLMAN, Public Protection Unit West Midlands Police

2. The reality….

3. Child Sexual Exploitation – Briefing to SSCB 24 April 2014

4. What is Child Sexual Exploitation?

5. Child Sexual Exploitation TYPE 1

6. CSE; ‘The Other Side’ ‘Child sexual exploitation can occur through use of technology without the child’s immediate recognition, for example the persuasion to post sexual images on the internet/mobile phones with no immediate payment or gain. In all cases those exploiting the child/young person have power over them by virtue of their age, gender, intellect, physical strength and/or economic or other resources’ (National Working Group 2008)

7. CSE; ‘The Other Side of the Screen’ Over three million (42%) of families in the UK have found their children looking at violent, sexually explicit, upsetting or inappropriate content on the internet – the average age their children view this material is just over four years old Almost a fifth (18%) of parents have found their children looking at violent or sexually explicit material online 1/3 of parents had never spoken to their child about the dangers of using the internet 64% never installed parental controls on smart phones used by children Unswitch poll of parents, March 2014

8. Georgina LARGE Example

9. Child Sexual Exploitation TYPE 2

10. Definition of Child Sexual Exploitation ‘The sexual exploitation of children and young people under 18 involves exploitative situations, contexts and relationships where young people (or a third person or persons) receive ‘something’ (e.g. food, accommodation, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, affection, gifts, money) as a result of performing, and/or others performing on them, sexual activities.’ (National Working Group 2008)

11. Type 2 Example • SW example • Where is she being found?

12. Category 2 AT RISK • Regularly coming home late or going missing • History of abuse (including familial child sexual abuse, physical, emotional abuse and neglect) • Staying out overnight with no explanation • Overt sexualised dress • Sexualised risk taking including on the internet • Associating with unknown adults • Reduced contact with family, friends and other support networks • Experimenting with drugs and/or alcohol • Changes to usual pattern of social media use

13. Category 2 AT RISK • Poor self-image • Eating disorders • Superficial self-harm • Expressions of despair • Attendance at GUM Clinic • Being seen in CSE hotspots – known houses or recruiting grounds • Non school attendance or exclusion • Breakdown of residential placement due to behaviour (Looked After Children) • Repeat offending • Increasingly disruptive, hostile or physically aggressive behaviour at home or school, including the use of sexualised language • Child is a migrant, a refugee or an asylum seeker • Unsure about their sexual orientation

14. Category 3SIGNIFICANT HARM • Getting into vehicles with known or unknown adults • Associating with adults known to be linked to CSE • Associating with other young people at risk of sexual exploitation or those known to be exploited • Disclosure and/or withdrawal of a complaint of physical assault, with no substantiating evidence • Reports of being involved in CSE through being seen at hotspots • Adult ‘boyfriend/girlfriend’ • Unaccounted for money or goods, for example mobile phones, drugs and alcohol. Includes having multiple phones, SIM cards. • Sexually transmitted infections • Previous victim of sexual abuse

15. Association with gangs or constrained by rules of gangs • Concealed/concerning use of the internet including web cam, online gaming, chat rooms. • Evidence of sexual bullying/vulnerability through the internet and or social media sites • Marks, scars or physical injuries on the body that they try to conceal • Missing/Excluded from school • Breakdown of residential placements

16. Category 4SERIOUS HARM • Rape • Child under 13 years old engaging in sexual activity • Pattern of street homelessness and staying with an adult believed to be sexually exploiting them • Child under 18 meeting different adults and exchanging or selling sexual activity • Being taken to clubs, houses and hotels by adults and engaging in sexual activity • Disclosure of serious sexual assault and/or withdrawal of statement • Abduction and forced imprisonment • Being moved around for sexual activity • Disappearing from the system with no contact or support and pre-existing CSE concerns • Being sold/trafficked • Multiple miscarriages or terminations

17. Category 4SERIOUS HARM • Indicators of CSE with chronic alcohol and drug use • Indicators of CSE with serious self-harming • Evidence of internet exploitation, for example exchanging of images • Offering to have sex for money or other payment and then running before sex takes place (‘Clipping’) • Gang member or association with gangs • Receiving rewards of money or goods for recruiting peers into CSE • Risk of HBV/Forced marriage • Removed from Red Light areas by professionals

18. The Reality of Child Sexual Exploitation Child Sexual Exploitation does not exist as a crime per se. • Rape of a Child (s.1 Sexual Offences Act 2003) • Sexual Assault (s.3 Sexual Offences Act 2003) • Sexual Activity with a Child (s.9 Sexual Offences Act 2003) • Arranging of Facilitating the Commission of Child Sex • Offences (s.14 Sexual Offences Act 2003) • Meeting a Child Following Sexual Grooming (s.15 Sexual • Offences Act 2003) • Paying for the Sexual Services of a Child (s.47 Sexual • Offences Act 2003) • Trafficking within the UK for Sexual Exploitation (s.59A • Sexual Offences Act 2003)

19. Where are Children and Young People Targeted? Shopping Centres Cafes Takeaways Pubs/Clubs Sports Centres Cinemas Bus/Train Stations Local Parks Playgrounds Taxi Ranks Care Homes Schools Is your property near any of these?

20. CSE; A Change in Approach The ‘Al Capone’ approach to tackling CSE PREVENTION EDUCATION TRIGGERS (MFH) SCREENING TOOL RISK ASSESSMENT MULTI-AGENCY TOOL KIT DRUGS VEHICLES HOUSING LICENSING ASB LADO/3rd Sector

21. CSE in Sandwell A Partnership Approach

22. West Midlands Police Problem Profile 2012/13 1027 reports of child sexual abuse over the last financial year; 400 were non-familial; of those 245 were CSE 95% of identified CSE victims were girls 88% were White British 89% had been reported MFH 51% lived at home with their families and had no experience of care 85% identified CSE suspects were Pakistani males 60% of identified victims are influencing other young people and exposing them to risk of CSE

23. West Midlands Police Problem Profile 2012/13

24. Issues for Agencies A good response requires a number of agencies to respond in a coordinated way. Professionals are not aware of the risk indicators and how to assess risk of CSE. There is a lack of shared understanding of the issue and strategy for action, leading to ineffective and/or uncoordinated work. The visible ‘symptoms’ of CSE may each seem minor when viewed in isolation, professionals need to be alert to the range and pattern of risk indicators. As Landlords, you may hold a vital piece of the jigsaw

25. PVVP Mission Statement “We have collective responsibility to protect those who are most vulnerable in our society - children, young people and vulnerable adults - and we discharge this through: Prevention – engaging communities through awareness raising, prevention and culture change Protection – safeguarding those at risk and supporting those affected Justice- dealing with offenders and preventing reoffending Our approach will be integration, not partnership, and we will transform our delivery of core public services as a result”

26. CSE Co-Located Team – 1st November

27. What can Landlords do to help?

28. Sadly the PRS is often the target for criminal activity, due to the transient nature of the tenancies. • For example we all know cannabis factories are rife in the PRS, as is prostitution, forgery and fraud, amongst other crimes. • There is no reason to believe that CSE is not also being practiced in an anonymous rental property, as this is cheaper, in the long run, than continually renting hotel rooms no matter how low budget. 

29. Things to look out for, to avoid letting your property to potential child sexual exploiters. • Beware of people offering you several months rent up front, often in cash, even if they look respectable. • If it looks too good to be true, (remember cannabis factories) it usually is! • Always take up references, look at websites that vet tenants behaviour rather than just concentrate on their financial suitability eg . www.landlordreferencing.co.uk/ • Do a mid-term check. They won’t report repairs because if anything dodgy is going on, they won’t want you near the place and it is perfectly reasonable for landlords to inspect their property half way through the tenancy.

30. Talk to the neighbours – leave them your contact details and ask them to report if they see anything suspicious e.g. – lots of coming and going, taxi’s and men calling all the time, young people going in and out etc. • If you are concerned report it!

31. Challenges Ahead • Understand the problem. • Social responsibility. • Observation. • See it. Say something! • Who are you going to call? • WMP 0345 113 5000 • Children’s Social Care 0845 351 0131

32. Thank You Questions?