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Protestantism The Protestant Reformation The Thirty Years' War ] The Protestant Reformation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation > Protestantism Protestantism • Discontent with the Roman Catholic Church • Luther and Protestantism • Calvinism • The Anabaptists • The Anglican Church • The French Wars of Religion • The Witch Trials Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-protestant-reformation-12/protestantism-56/
The Protestant Reformation > The Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War • Religious Divide in the Holy Roman Empire • Bohemian Period • Danish Intervention • Swedish Intervention • Swedish-French Intervention • The Peace of Westphalia Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-protestant-reformation-12/the-thirty-years-war-1037/
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The Protestant Reformation Key terms • annulmentLegal term for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike divorce, it is usually retroactive, meaning that this kind of marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning, almost as if it had never taken place. They are closely associated with the Catholic Church, which does not permit divorce, teaching that marriage is a lifelong commitment that cannot be dissolved through divorce. • Bohemian RevoltAn uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty. • Canon LawThe body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. • Conciliar movementA reform movement in the 14th-, 15th-, and 16th-century Catholic Church that held that supreme authority in the church resided with an Ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope. The movement emerged in response to the Western Schism between rival popes in Rome and Avignon. • Council of TrentCouncil of the Roman Catholic Church set up in Trento, Italy, in direct response to the Reformation. • defenestrationThe act of throwing someone out of a window. • doctrineList of beliefs and teachings by the church. • ecclesiasticOne who adheres to a church-based philosophy. • Edict of NantesIssued on April 13, 1598, by Henry IV of France; granted the Huguenots substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. • Edict of RestitutionOassed eleven years into the Thirty Years' War, this edict was a belated attempt by Ferdinand II to impose and restore the religious and territorial situations reached in the Peace of Augsburg (1555). • excommunicationAn institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it. • Ferdinand IIHis rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War and his aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation • fiefAn estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service. • Five Points of CalvinismThe basic theological tenets of Calvinism. • Gustavus AdolphusThe king of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, who led Sweden to military supremacy during the Thirty Years' War, helping to determine the political as well as the religious balance of power in Europe. • Gustavus AdolphusThe king of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, credited with founding the Swedish Empire, who led Sweden to military supremacy during the Thirty Years' War. • HuguenotsA name for French Protestants, originally a derisive term. • HuguenotsMembers of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th centuries; inspired by the writings of John Calvin. • Imperial DietThe legislative body of the Holy Roman Empire, theoretically superior to the emperor himself. • indulgencesA way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins, usually through the saying of prayers or good works, which during the middle ages included paying for church buildings or other projects. • indulgencesIn Catholic theology, a remission of the punishment that would otherwise be inflicted for a previously forgiven sin as a natural consequence of having sinned. They are granted for specific good works and prayers in proportion to the devotion with which those good works are performed or prayers recited. • infant baptismThe practice of baptizing infants or young children, sometimes contrasted with what is called "believer's baptism," which is the religious practice of baptizing only individuals who personally confess faith in Jesus. • Johannes KeplerA German mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution. • letters of marqueA government license authorizing a person (known as a privateer) to attack and capture enemy vessels and bring them before admiralty courts for condemnation and sale. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation • Magisterial ProtestantsA phrase that names the manner in which the Lutheran and Calvinist reformers related to secular authorities, such as princes, magistrates, or city councils; opposed to the Radical Protestants. • nationalismA belief, creed, or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation. In Europe, people were generally loyal to the church or to a local king or leader. • Ninety-five ThesesA list of propositions for an academic disputation written by Martin Luther in 1517. They advanced Luther's positions against what he saw as abusive practices by preachers selling plenary indulgences, which were certificates that would reduce the temporal punishment for sins committed by the purchaser or their loved ones in purgatory. • Peace of AugsburgA treaty between Charles V and the forces of Lutheran princes on September 25, 1555, which officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and allowed princes in the Holy Roman Empire to choose which religion would reign in their principality. • PomeraniaA region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland. • predestinationThe doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul. • PuritansGroup of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries founded by some exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England. • Real PresenceA term used in various Christian traditions to express belief that in the Eucharist, Jesus Christ is really present in what was previously just bread and wine, and not merely present in symbol. • the Western SchismA split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1418, when several men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. • Ulrich ZwingliA leader of the Reformation in Switzerland who clashed with the Anabaptists. • Vulgate BibleA late 4th century Latin translation of the Bible that became, during the 16th century, the Catholic church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Christian IV of Denmark Christian IV receives homage from the countries of Europe as mediator in the Thirty Years' War. Painting by Grisaille by Adrian van de Venne, 1643. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."ChristianIV_of_denmark_receives_homage.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChristianIV_of_denmark_receives_homage.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation King Gustav of Sweden The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Strasbourg_walter_gustave_adolphe.JPG."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#/media/File:Strasbourg_walter_gustave_adolphe.JPGView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Europe in 1648 A simplified map of Europe in 1648, showing the new borders established after the Peace of Westphalia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Europe_map_1648.PNG."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia#/media/File:Europe_map_1648.PNGView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation The Holy Roman Empire in 1648 After the Peace of Westphalia, each prince of a given Imperial State would have the right to determine the religion of his own state, the options being Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1920px-Holy_Roman_Empire_1648.svg.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia#/media/File:Holy_Roman_Empire_1648.svgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation The Ratification of the Treaty of Münster, 1648 The Treaty of Münster between the Holy Roman Emperor and France was one of three treaties that made up the Peace of Westphalia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1920px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_(Gerard_Terborch_1648).jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia#/media/File:Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_(Gerard_Terborch_1648).jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Jan Hus burned at the stake Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance in 1415. His death led to a radicalization of the Bohemian Reformation and to the Hussite Wars in the Crown of Bohemia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Protestantism#/media/File:Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Spread of the Anabaptists 1525–1550 in Central Europe After starting in Switzerland, Anabaptism spread to Tyrol (modern-day Austria), South Germany, Moravia, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Spread_of_the_Anabaptists_1525-1550.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptists#/media/File:Spread_of_the_Anabaptists_1525-1550.pngView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Portrait of Henry VIII (1491–1547) Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1539–1540. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Hans Holbein d.J. 074."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hans_Holbein_d._J._074.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Reformation and Division, 1530–1558 Professor Wrightson examines the various stages of the reformation in England, beginning with the legislative, as opposed to doctrinal, reformation begun by Henry VIII in a quest to settle the Tudor succession. Wrightson shows how the jurisdictional transformation of the royal supremacy over the church resulted, gradually, in the introduction of true religious change. The role played by various personalities at Henry's court, and the manner in which the king's own preferences shaped the doctrines of the Church of England, are considered. Doctrinal change, in line with continental Protestant developments, accelerated under Edward VI, but was reversed by Mary I. However, Wrightson suggests that, by this time, many aspects of Protestantism had been internalized by part of the English population, especially the young, and so the reformation could not wholly be undone by Mary's short reign. The lecture ends with the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, an event which presaged further religious change. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation The Terror of History: The Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe, UCLA Professor Ruiz, UCLA department chair and Premio del Rey prize for best book in Spanish history before 1580 for his Crisis and Continuity: Land and Town in Late Medieval Castile, was speaker for the UCLA History Alumni Faculty Lecture, cohosted by the UCLA Alumni Association and UCLA Department of History. Ruiz spoke to an audience of more than eighty history department alumni and guests. Watch his lively and engaging presentation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Burning of an Anabaptist The burning of a 16th-century Dutch Anabaptist, Anneken Hendriks, who was charged by the Spanish Inquisition with heresy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Witch-scene4.JPG."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptists#/media/File:Witch-scene4.JPGView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Defenestration of Prague A later woodcut of the Defenestration of Prague in 1618, which triggered the Thirty Years' War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestrations_of_Prague#/media/File:Defenestration-prague-1618.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation A Witch feeding her familiars An image of a witch and her familiar spirits taken from a publication that dealt with the witch trials of Elizabeth Stile, Mother Dutten, Mother Devell, and Mother Margaret in Windsor, 1579. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Witches."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Witches'Familiars1579.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation The Examination of a Witch by Matteson 1853 painting by Thompkins H. Matteson, American painter. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Matteson Examination of a Witch."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period%23mediaviewer/File:Matteson_Examination_of_a_Witch.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation John Calvin A portrait of John Calvin, one of the major figures in the Protestant Reformation, by Holbein. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."John_Calvin_by_Holbein.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism#/media/File:John_Calvin_by_Holbein.pngView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation The Swedish siege of Prague in 1648 In 1648, the Swedish army entered Prague and captured Prague Castle, where the catalyst of the war, the Defenestration of Prague, had taken place thirty years before. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Slaget_vid_Prag_(1648),_ur_"Theatri_Europæi..."_1663_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99875.tif.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#/media/File:Slaget_vid_Prag_(1648),_ur_%22Theatri_Euroaei...%22_1663_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99875.tifView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Ninety-five Theses 1517 Nuremberg printing of the Ninety-five Theses as a placard, now in the Berlin State Library. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Luther_95_Thesen.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luther_95_Thesen.pngView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Portrait of Martin Luther Martin Luther (1528) by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Lucas_Cranach_d.Ä._-_Martin_Luther,_1528_(Veste_Coburg)_(cropped).jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Martin_Luther,_1528_(Veste_Coburg)_(cropped).jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Reluctant Revolutionary PBS Documentary about Martin Luther the "Reluctant Revolutionary." Luther opposed the Catholic Church's practices and in 1517 he wrote his Ninety-five Theses, which detailed the church's failings. His actions led to the start of the Protestant Revolution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Interior of a Calvinist Church Calvinism has been known at times for its simple, unadorned churches and lifestyles, as depicted in this painting by Emanuel de Witte c.1661. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Interior_of_the_Oude_kerk_in_Amsterdam_(south_nave),_by_Emanuel_de_Witte.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism#/media/File:Interior_of_the_Oude_kerk_in_Amsterdam_(south_nave),_by_Emanuel_de_Witte.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Religion in the Holy Roman Empire, 1618 Religion in the Holy Roman Empire on the eve of the Thirty Years' War. Blues indicate Catholic regions and red/orange indicate Protestant (including Lutheran, Calvinist, Hussite, and Reform). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1280px-HolyRomanEmpire_1618.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire#/media/File:HolyRomanEmpire_1618.pngView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Ferdinand II Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Joseph_Heintz_d._Ä._003.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#/media/File:Joseph_Heintz_d._A._003.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Council of Trent by Pasquale Cati Painting representing the artist's depiction of The Council of Trent. It met for twenty-five sessions between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563, in Trento (then the capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Trent in the Holy Roman Empire), apart from the ninth to eleventh sessions held in Bologna during 1547. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Council of Trent Pasquale Cati."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent%23mediaviewer/File:Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation St. Bartholomew Massacre painting by François Dubois, a Huguenot painter Born circa 1529 in Amiens, Dubois settled in Switzerland. Although Dubois did not witness the massacre, he depicts Admiral Coligny's body hanging out of a window at the rear to the right. To the left rear, Catherine de' Medici is shown emerging from the Château du Louvre to inspect a heap of bodies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Francois Dubois 001."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion%23mediaviewer/File:Francois_Dubois_001.jpgView on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Elizabeth I and the Church of England Dr. Tarnya Cooper, the National Portrait Gallery's Chief Curator and Curator of Sixteenth Century Portraits, discusses Elizabeth I's solution to religious turmoil in England. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation Attribution • Wikipedia."John Calvin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin • Wikipedia."Indulgence."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulgence • Wikipedia."Council of Trent."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent • Wikipedia."Protestant Reformation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation • Wiktionary."doctrine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doctrine • Wikipedia."History of Protestantism."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Protestantism • Wiktionary."Ecclesiastic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecclesiastic • Wikipedia."Martin Luther."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther%23The_start_of_the_Reformation • Wikipedia."Diet of Worms."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_Worms • Wikipedia."Western Schism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Schism • Wikipedia."Witch Trials In The Early Modern Period."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period%23History • Wikipedia."Johannes Kepler."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler • Wikipedia."Witchcraft."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcraft%23Europe • Wikipedia."Puritan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan • Wikipedia."Nationalism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism • Wiktionary."puritan."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puritan • Wiktionary."nationalism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nationalism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation • Wikipedia."English Reformation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_reformation • Wikipedia."Annulment."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulment • Wikipedia."French Wars of Religion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion • Wikipedia."Huguenot."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot%23Wars_of_religion • Wikipedia."Edict of Nantes."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes • Wikipedia."Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist • Wikipedia."Huguenots."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenots • Wikipedia."Massacre of Vassy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_Vassy • Wikipedia."Martin Luther."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther • Wikipedia."Ninety-five Theses."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses • Wikipedia."History of Protestantism."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Protestantism#France • Wikipedia."Calvinism."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism • Wikipedia."Anabaptists."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptists • Wikipedia."Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War • Wikipedia."Peace of Augsburg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg • Wikipedia."Defenestrations of Prague."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestrations_of_Prague • Wikipedia."Bohemian Revolt."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Revolt • Wikipedia."Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War • Wikipedia."Battle of Stadtlohn."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stadtlohn Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
The Protestant Reformation • Wikipedia."Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#Danish_intervention_.281625.E2.80.931629.29 • Wikipedia."Christian IV of Denmark."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark#The_Emperor.27s_War • Wikipedia."Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#Danish_intervention_.281625.E2.80.931629.29 • Wikipedia."Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_intervention_in_the_Thirty_Years%27_War • Wikipedia."Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War • Wikipedia."Holy Roman Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire#Imperial_Diet_.28Reichstag.29 • Wikipedia."Peace of Westphalia."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia • Wikipedia."Thirty Years' War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com