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Emergency Brake Display for Rear End Accident Avoidance

This article discusses the requirements, examples, and optimum solution for an emergency brake display to prevent rear-end accidents. Criteria for activation and deactivation, as well as relevant regulations, are also covered.

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Emergency Brake Display for Rear End Accident Avoidance

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  1. Emergency Brake Display forRear End Accident Avoidance Dr. J. Gail Ressort „Active Vehicle Safety, Emissions, Energy“ Bundesanstalt für Staßenwesen (Federal Highway Research Institute) Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

  2. Content • requirements for an emergency brake display • examples • optimum solution • criteria for activation / deactivation • regulations concerned Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  3. Requirements for anEmergency Brake Display (1) • fast perception (also by distracted drivers) • short reaction times • easy implementation and refitting • maximum deceleration of the following car • intuitive display (no learning necessary) • few levels Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  4. Requirements for anEmergency Brake Display (2) • threshold values corresponding to real braking behaviour • functionality for emergency braking on low-µ-surfaces • unambiguous display • not confusing • minimised effects of habituation Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  5. 1) 2) Example 1: Increased Light Surface Area and Intensity Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  6. Increased Area and Intensity • pros: • intuitively • no learning process • causes adequate brakings of the following driver (early maximum brake force) • reduced reaction times • cons: • lights have to be fixed by the driver‘s eyes • difficult refitting • vehicle design Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  7. Example 2: Integral Brakelight 3rd upper brakelight: G ( 19 levels)  too many levels Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  8. (flashing) Example 3: Flashing Brakelights Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  9. Flashing Brakelights reduction in reaction time: (source: DaimlerChrysler)

  10. Flashing Brakelights • pros: • good perception also by distracted drivers • reduced reaction times • easy refitting • cons: • learning process might be necessary Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  11. (flashing) Example 4: Flashing Hazard Warning Lights Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  12. Flashing Hazard Warning Lights reduction in reaction time: (source: DaimlerChrysler)

  13. Flashing Hazard Warning Lights • pros: • good perception • reduced reaction times • easy refitting • cons: • change in colour • usual meaning: warning in case of: • broken down vehicle • accident • end of congestion • automatical switching only if deceleration > 1.5 g

  14. Example 5: Continuously Shining Rear Direction-Indicators • pros: • easy refitting • cons: • change in colour • meaning is not intuitively clear Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  15. Optimum Solution (1) • keeping the colour coding: red light = braking • flashing to achieve best perception by distracted drivers (3 Hz to 5 Hz flashing) Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  16. Optimum Solution (2) 1) • optional: increase in surface area of lower brakelights additional to flashing upper brakelight 2) (3 Hz - 5 Hz)  best perception + intuitive display for severe braking

  17. Criteria for Activation / Deactivation (1) • threshold deceleration 7 m / s2 • emergency brake assistance system • anti-lock brake system • pressure of the brake system / brake force • change of vehicle velocity (real deceleration) Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  18. Criteria for Activation / Deactivation (2) • switching on immediately after detection of emergency braking • switching off after • releasing the brake pedal or • after standstill of the vehicle or • detection of the end of the severe braking by a brake assistance / anti-lock braking system • threshold velocity 5 km / h Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  19. Regulations Concerned ECE-R 7, ECE-R 48 and Vienna Convention • red flashing upper brakelight • increase in surface area • definition of activation of brakelights • changing display during braking • fixing of switching criteria Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

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