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HOW DOES ENERGY ESCAPE THE PLANETARY SYSTEM?

HOW DOES ENERGY ESCAPE THE PLANETARY SYSTEM?. The Outgoing Longwave Radiation Balance. Space. Atmosphere. 20. Surface. 49. 69 Back to Space as longwave. Space. Atmosphere. 20. Surface. 49. 69 Back to Space as longwave. Space. Atmosphere. 20. 7. Surface. 49. Convection.

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HOW DOES ENERGY ESCAPE THE PLANETARY SYSTEM?

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  1. HOW DOES ENERGY ESCAPETHE PLANETARY SYSTEM? The Outgoing Longwave Radiation Balance

  2. Space Atmosphere 20 Surface 49

  3. 69 Back to Space as longwave Space Atmosphere 20 Surface 49

  4. 69 Back to Space as longwave Space Atmosphere 20 7 Surface 49 Convection

  5. 69 Back to Space as longwave Space Atmosphere 20 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 7 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection

  6. Direct OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 12 Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 7 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  7. Direct OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 12 Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 Absorb 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  8. Direct OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 12 Cooler Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 Re-emit 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 Absorb Warmer 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  9. Direct OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 12 Cooler Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 Re-emit 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 Absorb Warmer 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  10. Direct OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 12 Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 Re-emit 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 Absorb Warmer 95 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  11. Direct OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 12 Cooler Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 Re-emit 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 102 - 95 = 7 Absorb Warmer 95 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  12. Direct OLR Indirect OLR 12 + ??? = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 57 12 Cooler Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 Re-emit 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 102 - 95 = 7 Absorb Warmer 95 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  13. Direct OLR Indirect OLR 12 + 57 = 69 Back to Space as longwave Space 57 12 Cooler Atmosphere Greenhouse Gases 20 Re-emit 50 = 7 + 23 + 20 102 - 95 = 7 Absorb Warmer 95 7 102 12 23 Surface 49 Latent Heat Convection Outgoing Longwave Radiation

  14. OLR at Base of Clouds minus OLR at Top of Clouds (July)

  15. RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION Yatir Reforestation, Israel 2004 - 2009 E. Rotenberg et al., Science 327, 451-454 (2010)

  16. More reflection Less total energy Cooler? Less reflection More total energy Hotter?

  17. (In) (Out) ? Insolation = 238Wm-2 (69% of 345Wm-2) E. Rotenberg et al., Science 327, 451-454 (2010) Published by AAAS

  18. Wait a minute! More radiation in, but less out! (In) (Out) ? Insolation = 238Wm-2 (69% of 345Wm-2) E. Rotenberg et al., Science 327, 451-454 (2010) Published by AAAS

  19. (In) (Out) ? Insolation = 238Wm-2 (69% of 345Wm-2) E. Rotenberg et al., Science 327, 451-454 (2010) Published by AAAS

  20. (In) (Out) ? Insolation = 238Wm-2 (69% of 345Wm-2) E. Rotenberg et al., Science 327, 451-454 (2010) Published by AAAS

  21. 238 Wm-2 Reforestation Desert Scrub

  22. 238 Wm-2 Albedo = 10% Albedo = 21%

  23. 238 Wm-2 Albedo = 10% Albedo = 21% Net Radiation 212 Wm-2 Net Radiation 188 Wm-2

  24. 238 Wm-2 Strong vertical layering discourages movement of energy away from surface. Increased Upward Turbulent Cooling SENSIBLE HEAT + LATENT HEAT Albedo = 10% Albedo = 21% Net Radiation 188 Wm-2 Net Radiation 212 Wm-2

  25. 238 Wm-2 Strong vertical layering discourages movement of energy away from surface. Increased Upward Turbulent Cooling Less need for longwave (96) transfer Energy must be lost by longwave (121) requires high surface temps Albedo = 10% Albedo = 21% Net Radiation 188 Wm-2 Net Radiation 212 Wm-2

  26. 238 Wm-2 Strong vertical layering discourages movement of energy away from surface. Increased Upward Turbulent Cooling Less need for longwave (96) transfer Energy must be lost by longwave (121) requires high surface temps Albedo = 10% Temp = 19°C Temp = 27°C Albedo = 21% Net Radiation 188 Wm-2 Net Radiation 212 Wm-2

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