Governance and Water Management M etropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

1. GovernanceandWater Management MetropolitanRegionof São Paulo, Brazil Globalisation, Climate Change and Urban Governance Oxford Brookes 9-11 March 2011 Pedro Roberto Jacobi prjacobi@usp.br Program in Environmental Science, PROCAM-USP University of São Paulo

2. Issues • WaterGovernance – What is atstake? • TransformationsofWaterPolicy in Brazil • WaterGovernance in Macro - Metropolitan São Paulo andSustainableUrbanDevelopment • Environmental Stress – airpollution, pollutionofwaterways, theequationwaterquantity/waterquality • ClimateChangeProspectsandWaterGovernance

3. WaterGovernance in Brazil • Reform of the Brazilian water resources management system began to take shape during the 1980s • The debate centered on: bring together social and technical sectors of the government • 1997: National Water Law • National Water Resources Policy and National Water Resources Management System created • In 2000 - Broad institutional reform of the water resources sector consolidated by Law 9.984, which created the National Water Agency (ANA)

4. MainPrinciplesofPolicy • Descentralized management - levelofriverbasin; • Integrationofsectorial policies involved in water management; • Involvementofwaterusersand Civil Society in decisonmakingprocess; • Water as aneconomicgood.

5. ProcessofParticipation in WaterGovernance • National Water Resources Council •  Water Resources Councils of the states and the Federal District •  Catchments committees – 2011 -more than 160 •  Government agencies with attributes related to water resources management •  Water agencies

6. São Paulo StateWaterPolicy -1991 Statedividedinto 22 administrativecatchmentunits Establishedcriteria for decentralisedandparticipatory management ofwaterresourcesthroughwatershedcommittees.

7. MetropolitanRegionof São Paulo Alto Tietê RiverBasin

8. Water in MRSP- thecontext Alto Tietê watershed, which supplies the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo • Considered as one of the most critical areas in terms of water availability; • Supply water demand to almost 20 million inhabitants; • 50% of water is transferred from neighboring watersheds; • Sharp demographic growth and urbanization has led to severe problems of water pollution- demographicgrowthsignificantlyreduced in lastdecade.

9. MetropolitanRegionof São Paulo Alto Tietê RiverBasin • The area covered by the Alto Tiete basin is almost coterminous with the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo. With a drainage area of 5,985 square kilometers (2.4 percent of the state's territory), the basin encompasses 35 of the 39 municipalities and 99.5 percent of the population of Greater Sao Paulo. • Population growth today: 1,2% /year • In 2010 the population is estimated in 19, 7 million.

10. MetropolitanRegionof São Paulo Alto Tietê RiverBasin • Massive human occupation was accompanied by the large-scale construction of water infrastructure, including dams, pumping stations, canals, tunnels, and inter-basin transfers to and from neighboring basins. • Alto-Tiete basin is served by a complex hydraulic and hydrological system. Despite this extensive water infrastructure, the water availability of the region is still very low (201 m3-hab-an) and even lower than the semiarid regions of the Brazilian Northeast

11. MetropolitanRegionof São Paulo Alto Tietê RiverBasin Three key management issues to be addressed in the Alto Tiete basin: • Water quantity to supply a burgeoning population • Water quality which is deteriorating to a point where water availability for a range of uses is severely affected • Urban flood control and mitigation represents another major challenge in the basin.

12. MetropolitanRegionof São Paulo Alto Tietê RiverBasin • Important achievements have been made over the past 15 years • Decentralization process - characterized by the creation of the Alto-Tiete committee and its subcommittees • Financing from the State Water Resources Fund • Need for: measurable physical results such as the improvement of water quality, rationalization of water use and reduction/control of floods

13. WaterandLand Use Issues • Non reduction of floods and impacts on population indicate the lack of adequate land use planning and dialogue between water governance authorities and municipalities • Natural causes always prevail in authorities arguments • Existing infrastructure has become insufficient to control and mitigate • Increase of natural events and strength has become common • Lack of adequate disasters prevention policies • Delay in basic infrastructure to flood insecurity

17. SolutionsNeeded • Reduceerosion • Controlgarbage in waterwaysandbrooks • More than 5 million m3 ofmud, sandandgarbagecarried to twomainriversoftheregion • Challenge to overcomepalliativesolutions • Remove irregular occupationshas a politicalcost • Importanceofcodesandconstructionnorms

18. WaterGovernanceandIntersectoralArticulationChallenges • Integration , equipment and mapping to enable quick response • Improve systems of alert • Inform, educate and warn population on extreme events alert • Eliminate rsik areas needs land use control • Restitute, mantain rivers, urban green areas and hillsides • Advise population how to build to mitigate impacts og heavy rains and extreme events

19. Many Thanks!! Let us Debate!! prjacobi@usp.br