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Consciousness

Consciousness. Sleep & Dreaming. States of Consciousness. Consciousness Our awareness of ourselves and our environments High to low Selective attention Automaticity Repeated tasks become automatic Low awareness. Daydreams/fantasies Low level consciousness Ubiquitous

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Consciousness

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  1. Consciousness Sleep & Dreaming

  2. States of Consciousness • Consciousness • Our awareness of ourselves and our environments • High to low • Selective attention • Automaticity • Repeated tasks become automatic • Low awareness

  3. Daydreams/fantasies Low level consciousness Ubiquitous 95% of us have sexual fantasies Men more often and less romantically Daily life details Work/friends Fantasy-Prone Personality Imagines and recalls experiences with lifelike vividness Spends considerable time fantasizing 1/2 of waking hours States of Consciousness

  4. States of Consciousness • Daydreams adaptive • Keep unfinished business in mind • Mentally rehearse (speech, first date) • Enhances creative endeavers (art, writing)

  5. Biological Rhythms Periodic physiological fluctuations Circadian Rhythm Biological clock 24 hour cycle of wakefulness & body temperature Sleep Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness Dreams Sleep and Dreams

  6. Sleep and Dreams • Measuring sleep activity

  7. Sleep and Dreams • RAS • Hypothalamus

  8. Consciousness • Stages of Sleep • 1 - 10 min brthng/h. rate slows & muscle tension reduces (leg twitches) • 2 - 15 minutes & sleep spindles • 3 - 15 minutes & slow wave sleep • 4 - 10 minutes hard to awake now • 5 - goes back up all stages and then to REM

  9. Reaction Paper III: Sleep • Describe the 5 stages of sleep. What is happening in the brain at each stage? • PLEASE TURN THESE IN AFTER CLASS!

  10. Brain Waves and Sleep Stages • Alpha Waves • slow waves of a relaxed, awake brain • Delta Waves • large, slow waves of deep sleep • Beta Waves • REM

  11. REM • 20% of total sleep time in REM • Deep sleep • Eye movements • Dream • SNS arousal • Inhibition of motor neurons • Why?

  12. REM • Paradoxical sleep • Awake • REM

  13. Awake Sleep stages 1 2 3 REM 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hours of sleep Typical Nightly Sleep Stages

  14. Sleep Patterns and Age

  15. Why do we sleep? • Restore energy • Why do older folks sleep < • Bed ridden folks sleep the same? • Evolved protection

  16. Sleep Deprivation • Effects of Sleep Loss • Immune suppression • Irritability • Fatigue • Impaired concentration • Slowed performance • Accidents

  17. Effects of Sleep Deprivation • Not all types of sleep equally important • REM key • Rebound • Impairs performance more than loss of other types of sleep

  18. Group Activity III: Dreams • In groups of 4-5 and using your text • Describe at least 2 explanations for why we dream • Pick one and describe 1 way you might test this possibility • Which of these 2 explanations seem most reasonable to you? Why? • PLEASE TURN IN AFTER CLASS!

  19. Why Do We Dream? • Wish Fulfillment • Unconscious mind • Wishes need expression • Sexual/aggressive • Dream content • Manifest content • Latent content

  20. Dream Analysis Latent Manifest

  21. Why Do We Dream? • Activation Synthesis • Active brain during REM • Cortex (frontal lobe) tries to make sense • Puts a narrative to it • Dreams contain what the cortex knows • Elements of your life (desires, events) • Dreams have no unconscious meaning but can reflect current life concerns

  22. Can you control your dreams? • Lucid dreaming • Dreams are cortex making sense of random neural activity • If true ... • What would you do in your dream?

  23. Why Do We Dream? • Problem Solving/Learning • Creative thought • Learning • Consolidate day’s memories • Brain organization • > REM in young • Stimulates neural development

  24. Hypnosis • Hypnosis • Social interaction w/ hypnotist suggesting perceptions, feelings, thoughts or behs will spontaneously occur • Relaxed state

  25. Hypnosis • Susceptibility differs across people • Openness to suggestion • Focus attention inwardly • Imaginatively absorbed

  26. Hypnosis • Hypnosis & Memory • CANNOT facilitate recall • Can lead to false memories • UFOs/repressed memories of sexual or satanic abuse

  27. Hypnosis • Can hypnosis control behavior? • No! • Orne & Evans (1965) • Control group instructed to “pretend” • Controls performed same acts as hypnotized ones • Posthypnotic Suggestion • Suggestion to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized • Not more effective than asking

  28. Hypnosis and Pain • Hypnosis can relieve pain • Dissociation • Split in consciousness • Awareness and suffering of pain • Selective attention • Relaxation/distraction works as well

  29. Attention is diverted from an aversive odor. How? Divided-consciousness theory: hypnosis has caused a split in awareness Social Influence theory: the subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she ignores the odor Hypnosis • Divided Consciousness or Social Phenomenon?

  30. Near Death Experiences • Near Death Experience • Altered state of consciousness reported after a brush with death • Often similar to drug-induced hallucinations • Can result in life change

  31. Near Death Experiences • Dualism • Presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact • Monism • Presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

  32. Summary: Consciousness • States of awareness • Sleep • Dreams • Hypnosis • Near death experiences

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