What might the Greeks and Romans have learned from China, Egypt, India, and Mesopotamia?

1. What might the Greeks and Romans have learned from China, Egypt, India, and Mesopotamia?

2. Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean Greece

4. Early Greek Peoples • Minoans • Crete; city-state of Knossos • Frescoes; murals • Sailors and traders; navies • Mycenaeans • City-state of Peloponnesus • War-like people; carried out raids • Adopted elements of the Minoans • Language, writing • **Each city-state (polis) • Separate government, laws, calendars, money (BAD?) • Same language, religious ideas, cultural characteristics (GOOD?)

5. Artist’s Recreation of Knossos

6. Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

7. Minoan Ladies

8. Early GreekGeometrics

9. Palace of King Minos - Interiors

10. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

11. Minoan Civilization

12. Mycenaean Writing System Gained From the Minoans

13. Greek Commonalities • Polis • Identity; loyalty • Shared • Language • Non-Greek speakers = barbarians • Religion • The Olympics. • Common non-Greek enemies. • Patriarchy – male citizens

14. Athens & Sparta

16. SPARTA! • Highly militarized society • Military society; not compassionate • Athletes, lacked culture • Self-disciplined and rigidly obedient • Helots • Agricultural workers • Outnumbered Spartans 10:1

17. Spartan Hierarchy

18. ATHENS Athenian style of government differed rom Spartan Monarchies Aristocrats Economic and political power Tyrants Oligarchy – Merchants; Business elites Draco Solon Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Importance of education Philosophy, literacy, mathematics, rhetoric

19. Athenian Social Hierarchy

20. Age of Pericles • Leader of Athens • Height of Athenian democracy • All men (except lowest class) held public office • Stability and prosperity • Strengthens and extends empire • Acropolis

21. Greek Golden Age of the 5th Century BCE • Artists & Teachers • Architecture – Parthenon • Painting – Vases • Sculpture – Phidias & Myron • Philosophy – • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle

22. Greek Golden Age of the 5th Century BCE • Pythagoras • Hippocrates • Herodotus • Theater – • Dramas • Tragedies • Comedies

23. Expansion of Greece • Persian Wars • Darius and Xerxes • Battle of Marathon • Battle of Thermopylae • Delian League

24. The Peloponnesian War • Discontent with Athenian rule • Athens and Sparta • 27 year war • Sparta sided with the Persians to starve Athens

25. Greek Colonies (in red)

26. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

27. What does mean to be Hellenistic? • Hellenistic- The blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great. • Marriage - legitimize rule of Persia • Trade and Education

28. Hellenistic Syncretism

30. Hellenistic Achievements • Philosophy • Cynicism- rejected the ideas of pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility. Instead, they should live according to nature. Withdrew from society. • Many gave away possessions and became vagrants or wanderers. They were like homeless people in today’s society. • Epicureans- sought out pleasure, developed close friendships with those that shared similar beliefs • Pleasure- Good • Pain- Bad or Evil • Stoicism- placed emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control, and personal morality.

31. Hellenistic Achievements cont… • Art and Literature • Art pieces conveyed emotion and movement. • Nike of Samothrace was carved in a flowing style. • Literature focuses on everyday lives.

32. Hellenistic Achievements cont… • Science and Technology • Euclid “Father of Geometry” • Formulated many of the ideas about geometry that we still use today. • Eratosthenes • Calculated the size of the Earth • Archimedes • Great Inventor: compound pulley & Mechanical screw for drawing water

33. Agree? OR Disagree? A civilization can develop even if the terrain isolates towns and cities. Support your answer with factual information from today’s lecture.