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3 -11 Pluto et al. Pluto: Greek god of the underworld. Pluto discovery Plate. Pluto was discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh. HST: first images of the surface. HST. Pluto's icy surface is 98% nitrogen. Pluto is colder than 200 o C.
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3 -11 Pluto et al. Pluto: Greek god of the underworld
Pluto discovery Plate Pluto was discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh
Pluto's icy surface is 98% nitrogen Pluto is colder than 200o C Thin atmosphere that freezes and falls to the surface as the planet moves away from the Sun 0.25% of the Earth’s mass
Pluto Charon
Pluto from Charon When your spacecraft reach Pluto, the Sun has shrunk to the size of a pinhead Artist view
Anomalous orbit 1980s – 1990s: Pluto was the 8th planet 1999 – 2227: 9th planet
Sedna (2003 VB12) Artist view
Inuit Goddess of the arctic sea (2003 VB12)
Crossing of two stars surrounded by 20,000 planetesimals The passing star pulls on the planets orbiting the second star, giving them elongated orbits
Is Sedna a planet? No more than Pluto We have either 8 or 10 planets in the solar system What is a planet? No precise definition Feb 99: International Astronomical Union ruled officially that Pluto is a planet
Varuna Vedic god: the keeper of the cosmic order
Pluto Varuna
Varuna belongs to the Kuiper Belt Similar to the asteroid belt, but beyond Neptune and contains maybe 100 times more material Kuiper Belt Objects = KBOs
Some KBOs (or TNOs) There are about 600 known KBOs, most of which are only about 100 km in diameter
Quaoar Found in June 2002 Larger KBO known Artist view 42 AU from the Sun (Pluto ~ 30 AU)
e =0.04 Orbit : 8o out of the ecliptic
The Tongva people inhabited the Los Angeles area before the arrival of the Spanish 'Quaoar' the great force of creation sings and dances the Deities into existence
There could be 20 Quaoars and a few Plutos are out there waiting to be discovered Is Sedna a KBO? NO Sedna never enters the Kuiper belt
October 2005: 2003UB313 (Xena) has a moon: Gabrielle! 3 times further away than Pluto Diameter ≈ 2700km (Pluto ≈ 2300 km) 10th planet?
Pluto might have two more moons (P1 and P2) Pluto P1 Charon P2
Charon New moons Pluto
New Horizons Will explore Pluto and Kuiper Belt
If all goes as planned, New Horizons will launch early in 2006 • Depending on the launch date, it may or may not pick up a gravity assist from Jupiter, which would make a difference of 4 years in the length of its trip • At the earliest it will reach Pluto in 2015
New Horizons assembly at Johns Hopkins Laboratory, January 2005
Space is empty: Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and other drifting detritus, fill less than a trillionth (1 / 1,000,000,000,000) of the available space None of the classroom maps are drawn to scale
The solar system does not end here We have only covered 1/10,000 of the way: The solar system is 50,000 AU large! Next, we will visit the Oort cloud, the realm of the drifting comets Comet Tempel 1 (animation)