OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS FOR NEET AIIMS JIPMER wisedane

1. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS FOR NEET AIIMS JIPMER www.wisedane.com

2. BIOLOGY MINERAL NUTRITION SET 1 MCQ’s www.wisedane.com

3. Q1. Minerals are absorbed in the form of Molecules Ions Compounds Mixtures. www.wisedane.com

4. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION • Plants absorb minerals in ionic form: nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (HPO4−) and potassium ions (K+); all have difficulty crossing a charged plasma membrane. • Mineral ions cross plasma membranes by a chemiosmotic mechanism. www.wisedane.com

5. Q2. Nepenthes, Utricularia and Drosera all are Autotrophs Saprotrophs Insectivores Parasites. www.wisedane.com

6. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • Insectivorous plants are green and otherwise autotrophic plants, growing in nitrogen deficient soil. • For their nitrogen nutrition, they behave like heterotrophic organisms. Such plants catch and digest small insects. e.g. Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Drosera, Utricularia, etc. www.wisedane.com

7. Q3. Leg haemoglobin is produced in response to Respiration Fatty acid oxidation Photosynthesis N2-fixation. www.wisedane.com

8. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • Leghaemoglobin (Lb) is a red-pink pigment produced by root hair cell after being affected by Rhizobium bacteria. • Leghaemoglobin regulates O2 supply by creating anaerobic environment in the cell so that nitrogen fixing enzyme nitrogenase functions properly. www.wisedane.com

9. Q4. Which of the following is a non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokaryote? Azotobacter Clostridium Beijerinckia All of these. www.wisedane.com

10. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • Non symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. e.g., Azotobacter, Beijerinckia (both aerobic) and Bacillus Klebsiella, Clostridium (all anaerobic) are saprotrophic bacteria that perform nitrogen fixation. www.wisedane.com

11. Q5. A farmer adds Azotobacter culture to soil before sowing maize. Which mineral element will be replenished by doing so? N P K S www.wisedane.com

12. ANSWER (A) EXPLANATION • Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick walled cysts, play important role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen, hence increasing fertility of soil by replenishing nitrogen in soil. www.wisedane.com

13. Q6. ___________ conditions are created by leghaemolobin in the root nodule of a legume. Aerobic Anaerobic Acidic Alkaline www.wisedane.com

14. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION • Leghaemoglobin regulates O2 supply by creating anaerobic environment in the cell so that nitrogen fixing enzyme nitrogenase functions properly. www.wisedane.com

15. Q7. Select the option which completes the given equation for reductive amination. www.wisedane.com

16. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION • Given reaction shows reductive amination. In te presence of dehydrogenase (e.g., glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate dehydrogenase) and a reduced coenzyme (NADH or NADPH), ammonia can directly combine with a keto organic acid like α–ketoglutaric acid or oxaloacetic acid to form amino acids. www.wisedane.com

17. Q8. Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia under high temperature and pressure conditions. This is an example of Biological N2 fixation Natural N2 fixation Industrial N2 fixation Electrical N2 fixation. www.wisedane.com

18. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • In industrial or abiological nitrogen fixation, ammonia is produced industrially by direct combination of nitrogen with hydrogen (obtained from water) at high temperature and pressure. • It is then changed into various types of fertilizers including urea. www.wisedane.com

19. Q9. The process of conversion of atmospheric free N2 gas to nitrogenous compounds like NH3, is termed as Nitrification nitrate reduction N2fixation Ammonification. www.wisedane.com

20. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of inert atmospheric nitrogen or dinitrogen (N2) into utilizable compounds of nitrogen like nitrate, ammonia, amino acids. • Nitrogen fixation can be atmospheric, industrial or biological. www.wisedane.com

21. Q10. Decomosition of organic nitrogen of dead plants and animal into ammonia is called ____________ Nitrification Nitrate reduction N2-fixation Ammonification www.wisedane.com

22. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • Ammonification is carried out by decay causing organisms. • They act upon nitrogenous excretions and proteins of dead bodies of living organisms. Proteins are first broken up into amino acids. The latter are deaminated. • Organic acids released in the process are used by microorganisms for their own metabolism. Examples of ammonifying bacteria are Bacillus ramosus, B. vulgaris, B. mesentericus, Streptomyces. www.wisedane.com

23. Q11. The technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution, in complete absence of soil is called as Aeroponics Water culture Hydroponics Soil culture. www.wisedane.com

24. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • Cultivation of plants by placing the roots in the nutrient solution (in complete absence of soil) is called hydroponics. • It is necessary to aerate the solution to provide roots with adequate oxygen supply. The result obtained from soil-less culture may then be used to determine deficiencies under field conditions. www.wisedane.com

25. Q12. The given experimental set-up is used (a) To show that CO2 is required during photosynthesis (b) To show that O2 is evolved during photosynthesis (c) For nutrient solution culture (d) To measure growth of a plant. www.wisedane.com

26. ANSWER (C) EXPLANATION • The given experimental set-up shows nutrient solution culture. • In this typical solution culture technique, nutrient solution is placed in superior glass jars or polythene bottles covered with black paper (to prevent growth of algae and reaction of roots to sunlight). • The jars contain split covers or corks with holes for suspending seedling, a funnel for adding solution and a bent tube for aeration, as shown in figure. • Regular aeration is required for proper growth and activities of roots. www.wisedane.com

27. Q13. Hydroponics or soilless culture helps in knowing Essentiality of an element Deficiency symptoms caused by an element Toxicity caused by an element all of these. www.wisedane.com

28. ANSWER (D) EXPLNATION • Hydroponics or soilless culture helps to know : • The essentiality of mineral elements. • The deficiency symptoms developed due to non- availability of particular nutrient. • Toxicity to plant when element is present in excess. • Possible interaction among different elements present in plants. • The role of essential element in the metabolism of plant. www.wisedane.com

29. Q14. The technique of hydroponics is being employed for the commercial production of vegetables like Tomato Cucumber Lettuce all of these www.wisedane.com

30. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • The technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution is as hydroponics is useful in areas having thin, infertile and dry soils. • Hydroponics can regulate pH optimum for a particular crop, control soil borne pathogens, avoid problems of weeding and obtain consistently better yield. • Out of season vegetables (e.g., tomato, seedless cucumber, lettuce) and flowers can be obtained through hydroponic. www.wisedane.com

31. Q15. The technique of hydroponics was first demonstrated by M. Calvin (1961) Julius Von Sachs (1860) Arnon (1940) Hoagland (1940). www.wisedane.com

32. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION • Julius Von Sachs (1860) was a German plant physiologist. • In the course of his research on the metabolism of stored nutrients during the germination of seeds (1858–1859), he discovered the transformation of oil into starch in Ricinus seeds. • His work was characterized by a combination of microscopic and microchemical methods, by means of which he provided a clear picture of the catabolism and transport of stored nutrients. • Another early investigation dealt with the culture of plants in pure nutrient solution (1860). www.wisedane.com

33. Q16. Select the correct statement(s) regarding the solution culture techniques. Successful hydroponic culture requires a large volume of nutrient solution or frequent adjustment of the nutrient solution to prevent root from producting radical changes in nutrient concentrations and pH of the medium. In nutrient film growth system, plant roots lie on the surface of a trough, and nutrient solutions flow in a thin layer along the trough over the roots. In acroponics technique, plants are grown with their roots suspended in air while being sprayed continuously with a nutrient solution. All of these. www.wisedane.com

34. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION www.wisedane.com

35. Q17. Which of the following is not a criterion for essentiality of an element? Requirement of the element is specific Necessary for normal growth and reproduction Not replaceable by another element Indirectly involved in plant metabolism www.wisedane.com

36. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION Arnon and stout (1939) proposed criteria for knowing the essentiality of an element. They are: It is indispensable for the growth of plants. The element is directly involved in the metabolism of plants. It becomes a component of either a structural or functional molecule. The element may additionally have a corrective effect on mineral balance and other soil conditions. A plant is unable to complete its vegetative or reproductive phase in the absence of the element. The element cannot be replaced by any other element. The absence or deficiency of the element produces disorders. These disorders are a direct result of the lack or deficiency of the element. The element alone can correct the disorders produced by its absence or deficiency Hence it is clear that an element indirectly involved in plant metabolism does not fit into criterion for essentiality of an element. www.wisedane.com

37. Q8. Select the option that contains micronutrients only Mn, Mo, Zn C, H, N N, P, O Mn, K, S www.wisedane.com

38. ANSWER (A) EXPLANATION • Microelements (Micronutrients) are those essential elements which are required by plants in small amounts, equal or less than 0.1 mg/gm of dry matter. • Microelements are mostly involved in the functioning of enzymes, as cofactors or metal activators. They are eight in number – Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu, Mo, Cl and Ni. www.wisedane.com

39. Q19. Which of the following are macronutrients? Carbon, nitrogen Oxygen, phosphorus Potassium, Sulphur All of these www.wisedane.com

40. ANSWER (D) EXPLANATION • Macroelements (Macronutrients) are those essential elements which are present in easily detectable quantities, 1-10 mg per gram of dry matter. • Macroelements are usually involved in the synthesis of organic molecules and development of osmotic potential. They are nine in number – C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Mg and Ca. www.wisedane.com

41. Q20. Micronutrients are present in plant tissues in concentrations less than ______of dry matter. 1m-mole kg-1 10m-mole kg-1 0.1 m-mole kg-1 2 m-mole kg-1 www.wisedane.com

42. ANSWER (B) EXPLANATION www.wisedane.com

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