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Session 1- Introduction to Web Engineering

Session 1- Introduction to Web Engineering. Engr. Adnan Zafar. Learning Objectives. Be able to understand the concepts, principles and methods of Web Engineering Be familiar with current Web technologies Be familiar with HTML Basics Able to write a Basic HTML code. Web Engineering.

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Session 1- Introduction to Web Engineering

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  1. Session 1- Introduction to Web Engineering Engr. Adnan Zafar

  2. Learning Objectives • Be able to understand the concepts, principles and methods of Web Engineering • Be familiar with current Web technologies • Be familiar with HTML Basics • Able to write a Basic HTML code

  3. Web Engineering • Web engineering actively promotes systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approaches towards successful development of high-quality, ubiquitously usable Web-based systems and applications. • Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modeling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation.

  4. The Internet/ Protocols/ WWW • What is the Internet? • a network of networks – an inter-network, or Internet • What are Internet protocols? • the rules for transferring information between programs • HTTP - hypertext transfer protocol • FTP - file transfer protocol • SMTP – simple mail transfer protocol • What is the World Wide Web? • a set of HTML pages accessible using the HTTP protocol

  5. The Internet • An internet is network of networks. In simple words it is a set of protocols (rules) for transmitting and exchanging data between networks. • Terminologies: • W W W – World Wide Web. • HTML – HyperText Markup Language – The Language of Web Pages on the World Wide Web. HTML is a text formatting language. • URL – Uniform Resource Locator. • Browser – A software program which is used to show web pages.

  6. How the WWW works How does a Web Browser (Firefox) fit in this picture? - your browser connects, using the HTTP protocol, to a web server- the web server fetches an HTML web page and sends the HTML to your browser- your browser turns the HTML page into a nice-looking page on your screen

  7. Client Server and TCP&IP • A client is a computer that requests something from another computer. • A server is a computer that responds to requests for service from client. • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the standard rule set for the Internet communication.

  8. The World Wide Web • The World Wide Web, also called the WWW or simply the Web, dates back only to 1989, when it was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee. • The World Wide Web is composed of several different components. • HTML is only one of those components. The other components include:

  9. WWW Server WWW Servers are the information providers. They can run on just about any platform. Netscape, Spry, Open Text, Basis, Explorer and other companies provide commercial servers at reasonable prices. • WWW Browsers Browsers are the information retrievers. • HTTP It is the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It defines how information is transferred between server and browser. • SGML SGML is the Standard Generalized Markup Language. It is ISO Standard 8879:1986. It provides rules for tagging data.HTML is an application of it. • CGI The Common Gateway Interface is programming for the Web. • URLs WWW browsers use a Uniform Resource Locator to identify the location of an object. Object can be a file, a picture, a movie or just about anything.URL contain three pieces of information. Protocol / machine name path name of the object http://www.uit.edu/contactus.htm

  10. URL(Uniform Resource Locator) • URL contains three pieces of Information: PROTOCOL/MACHINE NAME/PATH NAME OF THE OBJECT http://www.yahoo.com/zubair.html

  11. HTML Configuration

  12. Basics of HTML • HTML is set of instructions. HTML Stands for Hypertext Markup Language. Each instruction for Example <TITLE>, is called element.HTML is a programming language of sorts. The instructions are not compiled by a traditional compiler but rather by a WWW browser. • Some element can have qualities called attributes. • All elements are enclosed in <> brackets. Most elements require start and end tag. The start tag for TITLE looks like <TITLE> and end tag looks like </TITLE>.

  13. Contd… • The groups of elements are as follows: • The HEAD elements • The BODY elements • Within the BODY section, elements are broken into groupings: Character, Image, List, Figure, Table, Math, and Form elements.

  14. The <HTML> elements • The <HTML> element encloses the entire HTML document .The start tag <HTML> should be the first thing in HTML file and </HTML> should be the last one. Though it is optional but should be used. • The <HEAD> Elements • The <HEAD> element encloses the head section of the document. The title is always in the Head section. It is also optional. • The <TITLE> Elements • This element denotes the title of the documents.

  15. Contd… • The <BODY> Element • The BODY Elements encloses the body section of the document. Most elements are found within the <BODY> element. • The <H1> Element • The <H1> element is used to denote the first level headline of an HTML document. There are six levels of headlines. • All headlines must have end tags. • The <B> Element • The <B> element indicates that all characters between the starting tag <B> and ending tags </B> are to be bold.

  16. Contd… • The <P> Elements • The <P> Elements denotes the start of a new paragraph. The browser adds a blank at the point of tag <P> in order to separate two paragraphs. • The <A> Element • The <A> is used to add a hyperlink to the document. The important attribute is HREF. The HREF attributes gives the location of the document to go to when the link is selected. <a href="http://www.hotmail.com">This is a link</a>

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