How would you punctuate this?

1. How would you punctuate this? • Woman without her man is nothing

2. Punctuation makes a difference! • Woman, without her man, is nothing. • Woman! Without her, man is nothing.

3. Commas Where the comma lies makes a difference!

4. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists • Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a series. • Examples: • Ellen bought new jeans, a plaid skirt, and a pair of gloves. • They drove to the post office, parked the car, and unloaded the boxes.

5. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists • Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases or clauses in a series. • Examples: • Ellen bought new jeans, a plaid skirt, and a pair of gloves. • They drove to the post office, parked the car, and unloaded the boxes. • Update: the last comma before the and in a series of three of more may be left out. • Ellen bought new jeans, a plaid skirt and a pair of gloves.

6. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists • Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases or clauses in a series. • Examples: • Ellen bought new jeans, a plaid skirt, and a pair of gloves. • They drove to the post office, parked the car, and unloaded the boxes. • GRAMMAR TEXT p. 481, ex. 8 (#2,3,4,6,7,9)

7. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists • Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases or clauses in a series. • Use commas to separate equal adjectives, but not those that must stay in a specific order. • Example: • It was a narrow, rough road that lead to the many new houses.

8. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists • Use commas to separate equal adjectives, but not those that must stay in a specific order. • Example: • It was a narrow, rough road that lead to the many new houses. • TEST: If you can reverse the order of the adjectives without changing the meaning, then a comma should be placed between them.

9. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists • Use commas to separate equal adjectives, but not those that must stay in a specific order. • Example: • It was a narrow, rough road that lead to the many new houses. • TEST: If you can reverse the order of the adjectives without changing the meaning, then a comma should be placed between them. • GRAMMAR BOOK p 482, Ex. 9 (#1-4)

10. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “I” is for introduction Use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause. It is “introductory” if it precedes the subject of the sentence

11. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “I” is for introduction Examples: • No, you should not marry a Montague. • Juliet, will you marry me? • Of course, I will marry you. • Obviously, we might get in trouble. • At Friar Laurence’s cell, we will meet. • Because he thought it might end the feud, Friar Lawrence agreed to marry Romeo and Juliet.

12. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “I” is for introduction Use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause. Current updates: • You must use a comma if it is an introductory clause. In other words, you must use a comma if the introductory part has a verb. • Introductory clauses starting with a subordinating conjunction always need a comma. • Otherwise, you don’t have to have a comma if the introductory part is five (5) words or less and omitting the comma does not cause confusion.

13. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “I” is for introduction Grammar Text p. 484, ex 10 (all)

14. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “E” is for extras Extra words are words that are not needed to retain the meaning of the sentence. Surround these words with commas. These appear in pairs – unless it is at the end of the sentence and then the period replaces the second comma.

15. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “E” is for extras Examples: Parenthetical (interrupters): • I am talking to you, Juliet, about our plan. • We decided, of course, to keep this a secret. Appositives (rename) • Benvolio, Romeo’s friend, did not know of the plan. Non-essentials (3-D information) • It was in Verona, not Mantua, where the wedding takes place. • Juliet, who was 13 years old, married Romeo.

16. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “S” is for side by side sentences Two sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) must have a comma before the conjunction.

17. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “S” is for side by side sentences [Independent clause] , [coordinating conjunction] [independent clause]. [Sentence] , [FANBOYS] [sentence]. Examples: • Romeo was a gentleman, and Juliet was a lady. • He was impulsive, but she was level-headed. • They were young, yet they married. • They were young yet married. (See the difference?)

18. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “!” But wait, there are more comma rules!

19. Where the comma LIES makes a difference “!” But wait, there are more comma rules! Use commas • Use in large numbers • I saw 3,999 birds. • to separate parts of a geographical name, • Ex. I lived at 4801 Benton Street, Iowa City, Iowa. • to separate parts of a date where needed, • Ex. On Friday, October 21, we will celebrate your birthday. • to surround titles of people and some business abbreviations, • Ex. Harold H. Wood, Jr., is my brother’s name. • Ex. Baloney, Inc., was going out of business. • after the salutation in a personal letter, • Ex. Dear John, • after the closing in any letter, • Ex. Sincerely, Mrs. Bacon • to set off a direct quotations, • Ex. “I want to ask you,” inquired the teenager, “if I could stay up and watch the world series game tonight.” • Use in a elliptical sentence • Joe plays the guitar; his brother Fred, the flute.

20. Two Uses of a Semicolon; 1. Put a semi-colon between independent clauses to form a compound sentence • It may be independent clauses joined by the semi-colon instead of a comma and coordinating conjunction (FAN BOYS). Example: • Romeo reached the Friar’s cell first, and he went inside and anxiously waited for Juliet. OR • Romeo reached the Friar’s cell first; he went inside and anxiously waited for Juliet. • It may be independent clauses joined by a semi-colon followed by a conjunctive adverb or transitional phrase and comma. Example: • Romeo was thrilled about his marriage; however, he is now exiled from Verona. • Romeo killed Tybalt; as a result, he is banished from Verona.

21. Two Uses of a Semicolon; 2. For sentences with too many commas, use a semi-colon to avoid confusion. • Use a semi-colon to separate words or phrases in a series if they contain commas. Examples: • Dinner at the Capulet’s party included rainbow, brook, and lake trout; large mouth, small mouth, and white bass; and a few northern pike. • Romeo, a Montague, told Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, that he did not hate him; but Tybalt, the fiery Capulet, called Romeo a “villain.”