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Philosophy in the Age of Reason

Philosophy in the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment. A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Philosophes. Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Rousseau Adam Smith. THOMAS HOBBES. Leviathan.

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Philosophy in the Age of Reason

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  1. Philosophy in the Age of Reason

  2. The Enlightenment A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

  3. Philosophes • Hobbes • Locke • Montesquieu • Voltaire • Diderot • Rousseau • Adam Smith

  4. THOMAS HOBBES Leviathan • Social Contract Theory: People submit to an authoritarian leader in return for protection & an orderly society.

  5. JOHN LOCKE • Natural rights: LIFE LIBERTY PROPERTY • People have a right to rebel against a Gov’t that doesn’t protect their rights.

  6. MONTESQUIEU • Natural right: Liberty • 3 Branches of Gov’t Legislative Executive Judicial

  7. VOLTAIRE • Freedom of: Speech Religion

  8. Denis Diderot • Encyclopedia • Provided a medium for Enlightenment thinkers of the period • When translated, helped to spread Enlightenment ideals across the world

  9. JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU • The Social Contract • Real Gov’ts exist only by consent of the people

  10. Adam Smith • Wealth of Nations • Scottish economist • Supply & Demand dictate market • “Father of Capitalism”

  11. Natural Law • The result of scientific successes • Rules discoverable by reason • Applied to areas outside science: • Social • Economic • Political

  12. Natural Rights • Rights guaranteed to individuals from birth • Locke • Life, Liberty, Property

  13. Laissez - faire • “Hands – off” • Allowing business to operate with little or no government interference or regulation

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