"Most misfortunes are the results of misused time." – Napoleon Hill

1. "Most misfortunes are the results of misused time." – Napoleon Hill

2. Forensic PathologyPost Mortem Examination Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar Associate Professor of Pathology Fiji School of Medicine – Commitment to Excellence…

3. STRANGULATION • Homicidal, suicidal, or accidental. • PM Features: • Intensive heart congestion (enlarged heart; right side ventricle) • venous engorgement (enlarged veins above point of injury) • cyanosis (blue discoloration of lips and fingertips).

4. Asphyxia - Strangulation

5. Brain – Hemorrhages & edema

6. Brain – Hemorrhages & edema

7. Fat Embolism in Pulm art.

8.   DROWNING • Rapid formation of mucus block - Bronchi. • "foam cone" covering the mouth and nostrils. • "dry drowning" - edema of Larynx - no fluid • Stages in drowning: • Surprise - Inhales water. • Holding breath - while struggling • Pink foam – exhalation of fluid. • Respiratory arrest - Pupils dilate. • Final struggle - 3-4 quick attempts to breath.

9. Drowning: Middle ear hemorrhage.

10. SMOTHERING • Obstruction of airway. If soft object e.g. pillow or blanket. No trauma. • Injury on the inner lips. • Cyanosis may or may not. • Petechial hemorrhage on the face, typically around the area of the eyes.

11. BULLET WOUNDS • Entry and exit wounds • Bullet is spinning as it hits the body the entry area is usually smaller than the exit wound. • Bullet may ricochet inside the tissue & travels a path which is not a straight line. • Powder burns - near range hits. • contusion ring (abrasion collar) around the bullet wound usually indicates the angle and close range.

12. Bullet Entry wound

13. star-shaped laceration Bullet Entry wound – contact range

14. Abrasion ring – contact range

15. Powder tattooing:

16. Powder tattooing: close range.

17. Slit like Exit wound:

18. Slit like Exit wound:

19. BURN wounds • may be caused by heat, a chemical, or electricity. • Fire victims often are found in a "pugilistic" position with clenched fists, resembling the pose of a boxer. • Heat generally causes the protein in the body to contract. • Blood and lung samples are often taken for various reasons.

20. Burns:

21. STAB WOUNDS • Slash wounds: cuts are as wide and they are long. look like superficial bullet wounds. Other types of slash wounds are called "hesitation marks" commonly found in suicide cases. • Incision wounds: lengths greater than their depth, greater amount of subsurface tissue is exposed in an almost oval fashion. • Puncture wound: Stab or shive wound. distinguishable by its clean-cut edges.

22. Laceration: Defence wound

23. Defence wound – how?

24. Laceration: Defence wound

25. Stab wound – hilt mark.

26. BLUNT trauma: • The blow produces a crushing effect • Resulting in contusions, abrasions, lacerations, fractures, or rupture of vital organs. • Red-blue contusions are always present, but this varies by the weight of the individual (obese people bruise easier than lean people).

27. Contusion: 1 week. (Yellow green)

28. Blunt injury- Liver rupture.

29. Abrasion:

30. Laceration:

31. "Shoot for the moon.  Even if you miss it, you will land among the stars." - Les Brown