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SAMOC: South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

SAMOC: South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. International Programs and Plans http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/research/moc/samoc/. The South Atlantic: link to the global MOC. Stramma, Encyc.Ocean.Sci .,, 2001. Adapted from Donners et al. JPO , 2004. Deep and abyssal circulation.

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SAMOC: South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

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  1. SAMOC: South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation International Programs and Plans http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/research/moc/samoc/

  2. The South Atlantic: link to the global MOC Stramma, Encyc.Ocean.Sci.,, 2001 Adapted from Donners et al. JPO, 2004 Deep and abyssal circulation Upper and Intermediate circulation The South Atlantic is the gateway for NADW to the rest of the world ocean and to the return of thermocline and AAIW waters to the North Atlantic

  3. Meridional heat flux at 35S XBT estimates from Garzoli & Barringer 2007

  4. Water mass conversions in theSouth Atlantic • Are concentrated in regions of intense mesoscale variability such as the southwestern Atlantic or the Cape Basin. The signs and magnitude of the conversions indicated by POCM are in agreement with those suggested by observations: • Surface and deep waters to intermediate waters in the SWA • Intermediate to surface waters in the Cape Basin • Intermediate to surface waters in the tropics Potential Density The SA is not a passive path for the MOC return flows From Garzoli and Matano, 2011

  5. S A Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC) Area of the existing and proposed SAMOC observational program. Color contours are time-mean SST from World Ocean Atlas. SAMOC aims to resolve the mean and varying components of the MOC, as well as the associated heat and salt fluxes. SAMOC will observe and model the changes in the relative contributions of different water masses to the upper ocean return flow of the MOC in the South Atlantic.

  6. XBT and CTD/LADCP lines

  7. Moored time-series observations AX18 SAMOC-W SAMOC-E Schematic of the existing pilot measurement systems as of November 2010 (eastern boundary moorings will be redeployed in 2011) at 34.5°S

  8. URI C-Pressure Inverted EchoSounders

  9. Determine the time-varying ACC transport Describe the mesoscale eddy field Guide future monitoring Assess model skill cDrake: Dynamics and Transport of the ACC in Drake Passage

  10. Western boundary water masses TW AAIW UCDW NADW LCDW AABW Continental shelf  (°C) S O2 (ml/l)

  11. South Atlantic MOC (SAM) Deployed in March 2009 3 – PIES 1 – CPIES Recovery/turn-around early 2013 Preliminary estimate of the meridional absolute velocity determined via geostrophy between sites during the first year of deployment.

  12. SAM July 2011

  13. Proposed array The proposed array along 35°S consists of bottom pressure gauges (cyan squares), upward-looking ADCPs, mid-depth and deep moorings with full water-column T, S, p and discrete current measurements, PIES (black circles), PIES-with datapods (green circles), and CPIES (black squares). Color contours are of 27-year mean OFES meridional velocity along 34.5°S.

  14. Brazilian array Brazilian proposal to study shelf-deep ocean interactions The array off Rio Grande will serve as the shelf boundary of the proposed SAMOC array

  15. Proposed array details

  16. GOODHOPE within SAMOC • Plans for the future (i.e., within SAMOC): • To continue the repeat GoodHope line (South Africa, Russia, France, Germany); • To analyse the moorings data from the Pilot Project (2011); • To implement the line with bottom mooring (CPIES, ADCPs): starting late 2011, increasing in mooring density by 2012; • To develop in collaboration with NOAA-AOML data pods for bottom moorings (ADCP and CPIES) and initiate an operational frequency of recovery of the data Swart et al. 2008

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