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Exploring Optical Phenomena: Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, and Nature's Wonders

This lecture delves into optical concepts like refraction, total internal reflection, and their manifestations in nature such as mirages, rainbows, and halos. Learn about lenses, mirrors, laws of refraction, and how they influence light's behavior. Discover how prism refraction creates rainbows and halos, while reflective surfaces like mirrors and lenses impact image formation and magnification. Explore aberrations and optics in everyday life, from the beauty of diamond brilliance to the functionality of optical fibers. Don't miss the chance to work on optics-related research projects offered through the UNM/NASA PURSUE Program. Contact us to seize this undergraduate research opportunity!

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Exploring Optical Phenomena: Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, and Nature's Wonders

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  1. HW #3, Due Sep. 14 Chapter 2 P23, P24, PH13, PH15, PM2

  2. Undergraduate Research Opportunity Positions are available for undergraduate students to work on optics related research or educational projects. Sponsored by UNM/NASA PURSUE Program $8/hour 15 hour/week Anyone who is interested should contact me ASAP.

  3. Lecture 7 (chapter 2 continued) • Quick Review: • Refraction • Total Internal Reflection • This Lecture: • Refraction in Nature (Mirages, Halos, Rainbows,..) • Chapter 3 (Lenses and Mirrors)?

  4. RefractionRecall: velocity of lightv= c/n

  5. *Refraction 1 http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/refraction/index.html http://wigner.byu.edu/LightRefract/LightRefract.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/boyFish.html Fish Tank

  6. Examples Material Refractive Index (n) Air 1.0003 Water 1.33 Glycerin 1.47 Immersion Oil 1.515 Glass 1.52 Flint 1.66 Zircon 1.92 Diamond 2.42 Silicon 4

  7. N i I n1 Air (for example) glass or water or … n2 R r Law of Refraction • The Refracted ray (R ) lies in the plane defined by Incidence ray (I) and surface Normal (N) • The Refracted ray (R ) lies on the opposite side of N as the incident ray I, and • The Refracted ray (R ) makes an angle r that satisfies the Snell’s law: Angle of Incidence  Index of refraction in medium 1 almost equals to Angle of Refraction  Index of refraction in medium 2 (for small angles)

  8. Snell’s Law (exact) c a  Sine of an angle

  9. Now, consider this ….

  10. Total Internal Reflection *Total Internal Reflection (Optical Fiber) http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/fiberOptic.html

  11. Total Internal Reflection

  12. Prisms as perfect reflectors: See Fig. 2.56 in the Text

  13. Diamond Brilliance (TIR), Fire (dispersion) and Flash

  14. Next Refraction in Nature Mirages, Rainbows, Halos, Sun Dogs….

  15. sunset MiragesandAtmospheric Distortions mirage

  16. Mirage

  17. Dispersion Refractive Index varies with Wavelength : n() Dispersion in a prism * Prism Refraction http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/prism/index.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/refraction/monoPrism.html refraction & refl. http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/whitePrism.html dispersion

  18. Rainbow

  19. Rainbow *Rainbow http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Rainbow/rainbow.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/dispersion/raindrop.html rain drop

  20. Ice Crystals

  21. Sun Dogs

  22. Halos

  23. 22 degree halo

  24. 22 degree halo

  25. 46 degree halos

  26. Chapter 3Mirrors and Lenses Read 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (A, B, C* , D), 3.4, 3.5** * Anamorphic Art ** Aberrations

  27. Flat mirror revisited virtual image Read Text about the Kaleidoscope

  28. Spherical Mirrors Where is the image? What is the field of view? Ray Tracing (simply apply the law of reflection)

  29. Reflection in Curved Mirrors Convex and Concave Mirrors

  30. F focal point axis O C center Paraxial Rays: Rays that are close to the axis

  31. Ray Rules for a Convex Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

  32. 3 1 O C F O C F 2 O C F

  33. Locating the Image Mirrors *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html *Concave Lens: virtual image *Convex Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

  34. M. C. Escher, “Hand with Reflecting Globe” Fig 3.9

  35. Concave Mirror axis O C F center focal point

  36. Ray Rules for a Concave Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

  37. *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html

  38. Lenses

  39. *Magnification (Magnifying Glass) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/microscopy/simplemagnification/index.html * Lens Action (Many Applets) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/javalens.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/lenses/principleRays.html principle rays *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm

  40. Fresnel Lenses

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