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Exploring Pre-dynastic Egypt: The Nile Valley

Discover the origins of ancient Egypt as nomadic tribes settled along the Nile around 5000 B.C. Explore the significance of the Nile River as the lifeblood of Egyptian civilization, providing fertile land for farming and transportation routes. Learn about the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under King Narmer (Menes) around 3000 B.C.

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Exploring Pre-dynastic Egypt: The Nile Valley

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  1. What do you think of Egypt?

  2. The Nile ValleyChapter 2:iaPre-dynastic Egypt “The Land of the Pharaohs.”

  3. The Greek historian Herodotus once referred to Egypt as being “the Gift of the Nile.” [Image source: http://www.williston.k12.nd.us/larsen/Unit3%20Egypt/Herodot2.htm]

  4. Nomadic hunter-gatherers of northeastern Africa by settled by the Nile River as early as 5000 B.C. [Image source: http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egcl02e.html]

  5. The green Nile Valley contrasted sharply with the surrounding deserts.

  6. Early Egyptians called their land Kemet, meaning “black land,” after the dark soil. [Image source: http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/9624/egypt.html]

  7. The rich alluvial soil of the river and the delta provided good farm land for the people of Egypt. [Image source: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/6539/pic.htm]

  8. Early Egyptians took up farming and grew cereal crops such as wheat and barley. The Nile also provided Neolithic farmers with ducks and geese in its marshlands and fish in its waters.

  9. The Nile River also served as an important transportation route. [http://www.natashascafe.com/cgi-bin/dbase.cgi?royalboat]

  10. Egyptians harvested papyrus reeds to make paper, rope, baskets, etc.

  11. Virtually everyone lived in the floodplain of the Nile River. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/nilevall.gif]

  12. Egyptian farmers were able to increase their crop yields by using the Nile River to irrigate their fields. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/irrigata.gif]

  13. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/irrico1a.gif]

  14. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/irrico2a.gif]

  15. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/irrico3a.gif]

  16. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/irrico4a.gif]

  17. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/piccione08.gif]

  18. Cataracts, rapids and waterfalls, made it difficult to navigate more than 650 miles (1,040 Km) upstream.

  19. Over time, strong leaders united these villages into kingdoms, or monarchies, each under the unrestricted ruled of a powerful king. [Image source: http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/COSTUME1_INDEX.HTML#Plate1]

  20. By 4000 B.C., ancient Egypt consisted of two large kingdoms . . .

  21. Lower Egypt in the north,in the Nile Delta, and . . . [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/delta185.gif]

  22. Upper Egypt in the south, in the Nile River Valley. [Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/upegnom.gif]

  23. King Narmer (Menes) of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt and unified the country circa 3000 B.C. [Image source: http://campus.northpark.edu/history//Classes/Sources/Narmar.html]

  24. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt can be seen in the combination of the two crowns. [Image source: http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/OSU_profile/bslweb/afancient.html]

  25. Narmer (Menes) ruled the unified kingdom of Egypt from his new capital, Memphis, which he built on the border between the two kingdoms. Memphis

  26. King Narmer (Menes) established the first dynasty, or line of rulers from one family. [Image source: http://campus.northpark.edu/history//Classes/Sources/Narmar.html]

  27. Tomorrow • Make sure you have read all of section 1 in Chapter 2 • Do map assignment the Nile Valley

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