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System Development Life Cycle and Prototyping: A Guide to Effective System Development

This guide explores the reasons for change in system development, the different stages of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), prototyping methods, and issues that may arise. It also includes a proposal for a fictional company, FHC System. Topics covered include deterioration of legacy systems, technology advancements, user expectations, competition, outsourcing, and more. The guide is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of system development processes and strategies.

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System Development Life Cycle and Prototyping: A Guide to Effective System Development

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  1. Chapter 14 Systems Development

  2. Agenda • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Object Oriented Development • End User Development • Issues • FHC System Proposal

  3. Reasons for Change • Deterioration (legacy systems) • Technology • User expectations • Keep up with competition • External forces • Merger / takeover • Government regulation

  4. IT Life Cycle • Analysis and design • Implementation • Maintenance • Deterioration or obsolete

  5. Development Method • System development life cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid application development (RAD) • Object oriented development • End user development • Outsourcing

  6. Agenda • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Object Oriented Development • End User Development • Issues • FHC System Proposal

  7. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Distinct IS project segments • Different with each organization • Each segment has • start and end dates • deliverable

  8. System Development Life Cycle • Feasibility study • Technology, Economics, organizational factors, legal, ethical, and other constraints • Analysis and design • User requirements: input, output, storage • Acquisition or development • Programming, testing, documenting

  9. System Development Life Cycle • Implementation • Parallel conversion, direct cutover, pilot conversion, phased or modular conversion • Operation • Post-audit • System performance • Maintenance • Minor changes

  10. Agenda • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Object Oriented Development • End User Development • Issues • FHC System Proposal

  11. Prototyping • Model of final IS • Reasons • 4GLs • PCs • Failure of classic approach

  12. Prototype Life Cycle Analyze problem Develop Prototype Operationalize Prototype Refine Prototype Complete System

  13. Prototyping Types • Operational prototype or production prototype • Throwaway prototype

  14. Advantages • User oriented • What the user sees • Not enigmatic diagrams • Quicker error feedback • Earlier training

  15. Disadvantages • User expectations • Bypass analysis • Documentation • Never ending

  16. Agenda • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Object Oriented Development • End User Development • Issues • FHC System Proposal

  17. Rapid Application Development • Special case of Prototyping • Components • GUI development environment • Reusable components • Code generator • Object oriented programming language

  18. Advantages • Speed • Portability • Maintainability and modifiability • Data oriented systems

  19. Disadvantages • Never ending • Lack of documentation • Inadequate analysis

  20. Agenda • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Objective Oriented Development • End User Development • Issues • FHC System Proposal

  21. Object Oriented Development • Reusable IS components • Small, self-contained program modules • Includes • Operations • Data

  22. Advantages • Easier to build and maintain (object) • Reusable codes • Flexible for adding and changing objects • User oriented • Increase productivity and quality (programmer) • Increase productivity and quality • Web application

  23. Disadvantage • Complex • Lack of experts

  24. Agenda • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Object Oriented Development • End User Development • Issues • FHC System Proposal

  25. End User Development • Reasons • Powerful PC • Cheaper hardware • Software capability • Computer literate • IS backlog • Small application

  26. Advantages • User control • Business oriented • Cost saving • Development speed

  27. Disadvantages • Cost (hardware and software) • Lack of analysis • Lack of testing • No documentation • Duplication effort • Security • Backup and recovery

  28. Points to Remember • Reasons for Change • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Prototyping • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Object Oriented Development • End User Development

  29. Discussion Questions • Will applications programmers and systems analysts become nothing more than evaluators of packaged software? • How do you measure “System Effectiveness” in your organization? • How can you tell when a system is “successful”? • “unsuccessful”? • How do you decide that a system needs rework?

  30. Assignment • Review chapters 8-14 & technology • Read chapter 15 • Group assignment • Research paper

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