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Government Information Preservation Working Group

Government Information Preservation Working Group. December 16, 2003. Obsolete and Endangered Tapes Source: 2003 Cornell University Library, Digital Preservation Management. 1/2" 9-track Reel Storage capacity: Standard bpi recording densities of 800-6250bpi. It is estimated that over 90%

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Government Information Preservation Working Group

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  1. Government Information Preservation Working Group December 16, 2003 NIST

  2. Obsolete and Endangered TapesSource: 2003 Cornell University Library, Digital Preservation Management 1/2" 9-track ReelStorage capacity: Standard bpi recording densities of 800-6250bpi.It is estimated that over 90% of the world's data mine is still held on 9-Track DC6150 QIC-150Storage capacity: 150MbApproximate dates in use: 1990-1995 DC600A QIC-24Storage capacity: 60MbApproximate dates in use: 1990-1995 IBM 3480 cartridgeStorage capacity: 200MbApproximate dates in use: 1984-1994 Sony 8mm data cartridge QG-112MStorage capacity: 2.5-5GBApproximate dates in use: 1990-present DC9135 QIC tape 1/4"Storage capacity: 1.35GApproximate dates in use: 1990-1995 G2000 (DC2000 compatible) Storage capacity: 40MbApproximate dates in use: 1990-1995 Fujifilm DG-90M DDS cartridgeStorage capacity: 2.0 GBApproximate dates in use: 1993-present 4mm DAT (TDK DC4-120 DDS2)Storage capacity: 1 - 4 GBApproximate dates in use:1993- present Fujifilm DLTtape III XTStorage capacity: 15GApproximate dates in use:1994-present 4mm DAT (Verbatim DDS3 125M)Storage capacity: 12 GBApproximate dates in use: 1996- present NIST

  3. Obsolete and Endangered Disks Source: 2003 Cornell University Library, Digital Preservation Management 8" floppy disk (Radio Shack TRS80 Model II ) Storage capacity: 509,184 bytesApproximate dates in use: Late 1971-1981 5.25" floppy diskStorage capacity: 100KB-1.2MBApproximate dates in use: 1972-mid1980s 3 1/2" diskStorage capacity: 400K to 2.8 MBApproximate dates in use: 1982-present Sony 12" Magneto Optical Disk (WDM-3DL0)Storage capacity: 3.2G Double-sided(WORM) Approximate dates in use: 1985-1992 Sony Magneto Optical Disk EDM-600BStorage capacity: 600Mb Dual-Sided rewritable Approximate dates in use: Iomega 100 Zip disk Storage capacity: 100Mb Approximate dates in use: 1995-present CD-ROM disc Storage capacity: 650MbApproximate dates in use: 1984-present NIST

  4. User-Removable Digital Storage Media Timeline Paper Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic Optical Optical Optical ??? (Infrared (Red (Blue/Violet Laser) Laser) Laser) Punch Cassette 5 Floppy 3.5” Floppy CD DVD ** Card Tape Disk Disk Disc Disc Disc ??? l______________________l_____________________l_____________________l________________________l__ 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005+? Future ** Blu-Ray Disc, Advanced Optical Disc, or other. Timeline illustrates the changes in common “removable” storage media Source: Technical Advisory Service for Images (TASI) 2002, extended NIST

  5. Digital Preservation Options • Duplication (tape to tape) • Media migration (tape to disc, disc to tape) • Digital encoding format (old-to-new) • Emulation (simulation of previous software) • Hardware/software and OS preservation • Outsourcing • Wait and see, deal with it later • Convert to analog (i.e. print documents, microfilm) NIST

  6. Selecting Storage Media for Long-Term Preservation An example scorecard, comparing some common media types 1 (does not meet the criterion) to 3 (fully meets the criterion). As a general rule, no medium which scores less than 12 should be considered. Media CD-R DVD-RZip Disk 3.5” Magnetic Disk DLT DAT Longevity 3 3 1 1 2 1 Capacity 2 2 1 1 3 3 Viability 2 2 1 1 3 3 Obsolescence 3 2 2 3 2 2 Cost 3 2 1 1 3 3 Susceptibility 3 3 1 1 3 2 Total 16 14 7 8 16 14 Source: THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, Digital Preservation Guidance Note 2: Selecting storage media for long-term preservation, June 19, 2003. http://www.pro.gov.uk/about/preservation/digital/guidance/selecting-storage-media.pdf NIST

  7. Digital Preservation Strategy Preserve what?  To what?  Now what? Future access NIST

  8. Considering CDs, DVDs? • What’s to consider? • Life expectancy • Quality variations • Interoperability/compatibility • Robustness NIST

  9. Factors that affect Disc LE • Type • Manufacturing quality • Condition of the disc before recording • Quality of the disc recording • Handling and maintenance • Environmental conditions NIST

  10. Maximizing Disc Usefulness • Care and Handling • Consider environmental influences • Physical handling • Storage conditions • Labeling • Cleaning NIST

  11. CD, DVD Landscape NIST

  12. CD vs DVD Construction NIST

  13. Double-Sided DVDs NIST

  14. Care and Handling of CDs and DVDs A Guide for Librarians and Archivists Co-Published by NIST and CLIR NIST Publication http://www.itl.nist.gov/div895/carefordisc/CDandDVDCareandHandlingGuide.pdf One-Page Reference from the Guide http://www.itl.nist.gov/div895/carefordisc/onepage.pdf CLIR Publication http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub121abst.html NIST

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