Germany in Transition 6th M 3rd WF

Germany in Transition 6th M 3rd WF Germany 1919-1939 German in Transition

Instructions On this presentation there are several different sections. Ranging from the leaders of Nazi Germany to details related to the persecution of the Jews. Each group will be given a different section to review and you will take a few slides on the presentation in order to summarize the section you were given. Some groups have more than 1 section because some sections are longer than others. We will be using two pages of the bitesize history website as our resources for our presentation. THEY MUST BE COMPLETE BEFORE YOUR NEXT CLASS. LInks to both sections can be found on planbook

Instructions After you created your presentation please write 5 questions on your topic that will be used as a basis for your upcoming test. Blue: The Nazi’s Economic and Social Policy Red: Economic Policy and Benefits Purple: Structure of control in the Nazi Party Orange: Life during the War: WWII Life during the war: Nazi Opposition Yellow: Political Policy Racial and Religious Policy Nazi Leaders Green: Life During the War: After the War Persecution Mint: Introduction Women in the Nazi state

Germany in Transition- Introduction: • In 1871 the Weimar Republic was formed and led by the emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II. • In 1914 WWI started as a battle of Germany and Austria-Hungary against Britain, France, Russia, and eventually the US. • After losing the war Germany was forced to agree to the Treaty of Versailles which made the citizens furious. • The government collapsed as the citizens were ready for change • In 1919 the Weimar Republic was formed.

Germany in Transition- Introduction: • The Weimar was a Democratic Republic and had a President, Chancellor, and Reich. • There success was threatened when the depression hit.

Germany in Transition- Introduction: Mint Group

Nazi Leaders • Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945)- He was the Minister of Propaganda (between 1933–45) Died with Hitler in Berlin in 1945 • Hermann Goering (1893–1946)- Fought against Rohm in 1934. Took charge of air force. He took charge of the Four Year Plan (1936) After he was found guilty in trial, he was sentenced to death. He committed suicide before the hanging.

Nazi Leaders • Heinrich Himmler (1900–45)- In charge of SS and executing the Final Solution, which consisted on extermination camps. He was arrested on 1945. He later committed suicide. • Reinhard Heydrich (1904–42)- Took charge of Gestapo, which consisted on spies. In 1941, he organized the Final Solution.

The Structure of Control in Nazi Germany In Nazi Germany, Hitler controlled his country through multiple means of cult control. • The enabling act • Hitler becomes Führer • Controls the german lives • Opposition were sent to concentration camps for execution

The Structure of Control in Nazi Germany Hitler did a good job of controlling the germans. He made his own school system and the youth were taught about how Nazis are great and Hitler is their leader. The boys would grow up and join the Nazi military, the girls would do chores and take care of children, and the disabled people were thrown into concentration camps. Hitler made sure jews were looked down upon, and they were dehumanized slowly over a period of time, until they were all thrown into concentration camps.

The Structure of Control in Nazi Germany Hitler had germany on lockdown so if anyone were to say something negative their punishment could had had lead to: • Execution • Sent to concentration camps • Sent to jail

Economic and Social Policy Since Hitler has banned trade unions, many men were left unemployed. Hitler then introduced the National Labour Service. Men between the ages of 18-25 had to spend six months in the labour services to prepare to become a soldier. Hitler promised the people “Work and bread” to create jobs and reduce unemployment. By 1939 unemployment for the Nazi men was scarce. To keep workers satisfied they gave them leisure time. They did this so that Hitler could keep people happy.

Economic and Social Policy If you were a German student you had to stay in school until you were 14 years old and then they could either choose to stay or leave. The children learned to Hitler the Jewish people and the teaches had to be part of the Nazi teacher alliance. The students had different activities by gender. The boys were taught military skills and how to shoot a gun properly. The girls were taught how to cook,clean, and be mothers

Economic and Social Policy During the Weimar Republic, women could vote, could earn good wages in good jobs and received high standard. Three K’s for women: Kinder, Kriche, kuche (children, church, kitchen) No make-up or colour or perm their hair. No jobs, no decisions.

Economic Policy and Benefits • Many German people had welcomed Hitler's economic policies because the Depression had made Germany a poor country. • There were 4 main economic policies. They were: • Full Employment- The belief or idea that able-bodied German men should earn a living. Hitler followed through with this policy, because there was essentially no unemployment in by 1939. • Beauty of Work- Also known as the SdA, the Nazis set this program up in order to get Germans to understand that working is a great thing to do, and that everyone able to work should work. • Rearmament- The process of building up military weapons. This began in 1935, authorized and led by Hitler • Autarky- an attempt to make Germany “self-sufficient.” This failed.

Economic Policy and Benefits • Nazi Germany was a Utopia to the Germans, in a way. • Everybody in Germany knew their role and how to do it (Public workers,Youth group workers and political nazis...etc) • There were many groups that kept a positive vibe by helping the people with their needs

Economic Policy and Benefits • Hitler increased employment drastically. He used many policies to do so. • He did this in a few ways: • He stopped paying reparations and put that money toward businesses instead. • He started employing people to build public structures. • He began rearming Germany to create jobs in the arms industry. • He conscripted young men into the army and they were not considered unemployed. • Jews and women were fired and their jobs were given to German men.

Economic Policy and Benefits • Autarky was a failure. • In 1937, Göring was announced the economic minister and was given the job of making Germany self-sufficient for four years. • His measures were not sufficient.

Political Policy • The Nazis made sure that the German people supported them by using terror and inciting fear. • Propaganda was important to the Nazis – it was everywhere.They used different types of propaganda via different media to appeal to all levels of society.

Political Policy In 1929 Under Heinrich Himmler's, leadership, and as a result of the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, the SS became the most important military group in Germany. It was divided into three sections: • Safety • Waffen SS – the armed forces’ most devoted and dependable unit • Killing unit – Concentration Camps during the Second World War

Religious and Racial Policy • The religious policies, the Nazi’s closed the Catholic churches and Catholics youth organization. • The nazi’s killed about one-third of Jehovas Witness in concentration camps because they refused to serve in the army. • A nazi party member was elected Bishop of the church. Non-Aryan ministers were suspended. • The bibles were changed to Hitler’s book Mein Kampf and the cross was replaced with a dagger and a Nazi flag.

Religious and Racial Policy • The racial policies, all the Aryans were treated different if they were a perfect aryan you may have had a rough life in Germany. • The Nazi’s thought that German people had to be purified, so to keep it that way people such as gays, black’s, gypsies people with mental illness and with physical disabilities. • Lebensborn was a maternity home for unmarried mothers, Aryan women met SS officers there in hope of having pure children.

Persecution The Nazi’s believed that citizens have the right to do anything a normal, everyday citizen in Germany can do, but non-citizens don’t have the right to be able to do what normal German citizens are allowed to do.

Persecution Germany tried to get rid of jews. If the baby wasn’t in good condition they would kill them. Basically Jews weren’t allowed to do many thing, like do things citizens can do, as they were treated worse that ‘colored’ people back then

Women in the Nazi State: Women were expected to be the center of the family, a housewife and a mother of many. Hitler praised the women that had more than eight kids. Women that had careers had to quit their jobs, and women were never asked to be in armed forces even after the war ended. Young girls were also obligated to stay healthy in order to bear a child. They were expected to follow these three: • Cooking • Church • Children

Women in the Nazi State: Unmarried women could volunteer to have baby for an aryan member of the SS. Women were not expected to wear makeup or trousers or dye their hair or smoke in public. The law for the encouragement of marriage gave newlywed couples 1,000 marks and allowed them to keep 250 marks for each child they had. Mothers who had more than 8 children were given a gold metal

War and its impact on life in Germany: The 2nd World War • The Initial Effect (1939-40) • Military Success - tactics pushed armies forward • Germany took resources from occupied lands; factories used foreign workers • Rationing (1939-40) • Of food, clothes, warm water, soap, toilet paper • The Change in the Role of Women (1930s and 1943) • Unsuccessful increase in birth rate and working women between 17-45 years old • The Use of Propaganda on the Home Front • Persuaded people to save fuel and work harder • Meant to keep people’s spirits up and maintain support for the war

War and its impact on life in Germany: The 2nd World War The impact of the 2nd World war created a shortage of food, each person was only allowed 200 grams of meat a week. It became so bad they had to slaughter the animals in the zoo. Then, in May 1943, there was an intensive bombing that took over large cities in German. The effect of the bombings were a great impact,

War and its impact on life in Germany: The 2nd World War • Ghettos (1939) • Developed in Poland, Jews couldn’t leave, 500,000 died of disease and starvation • Special Operation Squads (1941) • Specific SS group’s job to shoot Jews and throw them into mass graves, seen as too slow for the growing Jewish population, whereas 750,000 were killed this way • The ‘Final Solution’ and its Implementation (1941-2) • Goering then Heydrich planned on making concentration camps • Concentration camps’ effectiveness developed and spread • Holocaust - 6 million Jews were killed, many died after spending 3-15 minutes in a Zyklon B (gas) chamber

War and Its impact on Germany: Nazi Opposition General ludwig beck resigned the army after losing against Austria. He led a conspiracy against hitler while he was in the army. Karl Goerdeler helped Ludwig lead the operation. There was a bomb plot on july trying to kill hitler. It was unsuccessful on killing hitler but injured him a little. 4 people died in the bombing. 5,000 people were suspected of the the bombing including 19 generals and 26 colonels.

War and Its impact on Germany: Nazi Opposition • Younger people • The Edelweiss pirates were a loosely organized group of people. The leader was hanged at age 16 • The swing kids were Inspired by the music of Britain and the USA and was where people could listen to banned music • The white rose group was composed of students at Munich university that was non-violent. On February 18 1934, they were arrested and then were tortured and hanged. • Left Wing: the Red Orchestra was an espionage network that provided information to the soviet army. Most were imprisoned or murdered • Conservatives: the kreisau circle was composed of included officers, noblemen, right wing people, academics and professionals. A large majority got tortured.

War and Its impact on Germany: Nazi Opposition • The actions of religious groups • Martin Niemöller was a German anti-Nazi theologian and Lutheran pastor. He was also a outspoken public foe of Adolf Hitler and spent the last seven years of Nazi rule in concentration camps • Von Galen, Munster's Catholic Archbishop opposed the Nazis idea to euthanasia of people with mental illnesses. • Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Protestant minister opposed the Nazis' policies on racism against the Jews and others. He was executed by the Nazis at the Flössenburg concentration camp during the final month of the war.

War and Its Impact on Germany: After the War March 7 1945 The United States Of America and The Soviet Union invaded Germany At the same time both from different sides one from the west and one from the east. This Forced 2 million Germans to flee and die from the cold, disease, and tiredness. Hitler lost it because of this and killed himself April 30, 1945. After this the Treaty of Versailles was made splitting up Germany.

War and Its Impact on Germany: After the War

Germany in Transition 6th M 3rd WF