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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure. ATOM. Smallest unit of matter An element is made up of the same atom ex: Gold (element on P.T) is made up of gold atoms. Parts of an Atom. Atoms are made up of: Protons (p + ): Positive charged Electrons (e - ) : negatively charged

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Atomic Structure

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  1. Atomic Structure

  2. ATOM • Smallest unit of matter • An element is made up of the same atom • ex: Gold (element on P.T) is made up of gold atoms

  3. Parts of an Atom • Atoms are made up of: • Protons (p+): Positive charged • Electrons (e-) : negatively charged • Neutrons (no): no charge (neutral) • These are called subatomic particles

  4. PROTONS • Nucleus is found in the centre of the atom • The two subatomic particles found in the nucleus are _________________ and ______________ • Shells (orbitals) are rings around the nucleus • ___________________ are located in the shells outside the nucleus. NEUTRONS ELECTRONS

  5. VALENCE SHELL • VALENCE SHELL: outer most shell • Electrons found in the valence shell are called valence electrons

  6. Determining number of protons, electrons and neutrons... # protons = ATOMIC NUMBER # electrons = # protons (in a neutral atom) # neutrons = ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER

  7. EXAMPLE: Oxygen atomic number = 6 Atomic mass= 16.00 # p= # e= # n= 6 6 16 – 6 = 10

  8. Drawing Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams • Draw a circle representing the nucleus • Draw orbitals (dotted circles) around the nucleus • Hint: the period tells you how many orbitals to draw • In the nucleus, indicate how many protons (p+) and neutrons (n0) • Fill in the electrons on the orbitals • 1st orbital: 2e- • 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, orbital – 8 e-

  9. Let’s do an example!

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