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Biology = Chemistry

Biology = Chemistry. What do you know?. What is matter? What is an element? What is pH? What is a subatomic particle? Name them. Sodium is an explosive metal, chlorine is a toxic gas. What do you get when they are combined? What is the building block of life? Why? What is a polymer?.

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Biology = Chemistry

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  1. Biology = Chemistry

  2. What do you know? • What is matter? • What is an element? • What is pH? • What is a subatomic particle? Name them. • Sodium is an explosive metal, chlorine is a toxic gas. What do you get when they are combined? • What is the building block of life? Why? • What is a polymer?

  3. Atoms and Elements • What is an atom? • -the smallest unit of an element defined by its number of subatomic particles • Subatomic Particles

  4. Elements • Made entirely of 1 type of atom • Defined by number of protons in the atoms # protons = Atomic Number of the element, determines place on the periodic table • Number of protons = number of electrons (why would this be?)

  5. Isotopes • Electrons determine chemical properities • Two atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are isotopes Example: Carbon 12, 13 and 14

  6. Compounds • Two or more elements together = compound • Can have greatly different properties from the elements that make them Example: Dihydrogen monoxide O2= reactive gas H2= explosive gas 2H2 + O2 2H2O

  7. Example 2 Sodium chloride (table salt) Na (sodium) = explosive metal Cl2 (chlorine gas) = toxic (mustard) gas 2Na (element) + Cl2 (element) = NaCl (compound)

  8. Chemical Bonding • General Rule (usually true, not always) : Atoms want 8 valence electrons  look like a noble gas • Ionic Bonds - 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another - Creates charged atoms or ions - Ions are strongly attracted to each other like a balloon and static - Example : Formation of NaCl

  9. Covalent Bonding - Instead of swapping, atoms share electrons to form compounds - Still form octets but through shared electrons - Example : formation of water

  10. Strength of Bonds (StrongestWeakest) • 1. Covalent • 2. Ionic • 3. Hydrogen • 4. Van der Waals forces

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