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CHAPTER 4/5

CHAPTER 4/5. THE GREEKS. Minoan Civilization. Located on island of Crete Traded with those around the Mediterranean Sea Bull jumping/Palace of Knossos Reasons for disappearance uncertain. Mycenaeans. Indo-Europeans (Central Asia) Mountainous – rugged coastline Balkan Peninsula

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CHAPTER 4/5

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  1. CHAPTER 4/5 THE GREEKS

  2. Minoan Civilization • Located on island of Crete • Traded with those around the Mediterranean Sea • Bull jumping/Palace of Knossos • Reasons for disappearance uncertain

  3. Mycenaeans • Indo-Europeans (Central Asia) • Mountainous – rugged coastline • Balkan Peninsula • City-states led by a warrior king * Walled cities • The Trojan War

  4. TWO REASONS FOR THE TROJAN WAR • Kidnapping of Helen • Access to the Black Sea

  5. Greeks begin to colonize • (“colonization”) • see map p. 121 • Polis were 1st to develop idea of citizenship. • Hoplites =

  6. Rights of early citizens: 1. To assemble peacefully 2. To choose officials 3. To make laws 4. To own property 5. To vote 6. To hold office 7. To defend themselves in court

  7. Responsibility of Greek citizens 1. It was their DUTY to serve in the government. 2. To fight for their polis as citizen soldiers (hoplites)

  8. Identify Kinds of Government • Monarchy = • Aristocracy = • Oligarchy = • Tyranny = • Direct Democracy =

  9. SPARTA • Founded by Dorians (from mainland) • Conquered neighbors and enslaved them=helots • Located on Peloponnesus • No interest in statues, temples, education, arts, travel • Willing to DIE for their city!!

  10. An oligarchy (in case of Sparta, 2 kings/council) 28 men over 60 • Men 30+ were citizens and could then vote • Banned travel abroad • Military MOST important • Sickly babies abandoned. • ho presented the laws – all men 30+ could then vote • Banned travel abroad • Military MOST important part of the polis • ws – all men 30+ could then vote • Banned travel abroad • Military MOST important part of the polis

  11. At 7, boys enter training barracks • Treated very harshly • At 20, entered army and stayed in barracks for 10 more years –all meals with soldiers- even after marriage • At 30 -return to homes/ in army until age 60 Girls trained in sports – but only to become healthy mothers

  12. Athens • Located southern part of Balkan (two day trip from Sparta) • Boys educated in math, literature, science, writing, sports, singing and playing musical instrument. Well rounded! • Girls taught by moms to spin, weave, etc. • Cleisthenes set up a legislature (council) of 500 citizens chosen by lottery -

  13. ATHENIAN SOLDIERS OATH • PG. 122 • Read and answer the in your question in your notes!

  14. CLIMATE • Warm and moderate! • Traded olive oil, wine, marble in exchange for grains, metals, and ideas

  15. PERSIAN WARS • Persia today is Iran • Cyrus the Great united all and began huge empire. Very fair. • King Darius leads Persians vs. Greece (Immortals p. 133) • Greek victory at Marathon Plains (outnumbered 2 to 1) • Pheidippides

  16. CITY-STATE LEAGUES • Delian League – Athens / friends • Peloponnesian League – Sparta/friends Peloponnesian War – Athens vs. Sparta Lasted 25 years – Pericles Funeral Speech – p, 145 He invites farmers, etc. inside walls Plague kills 1/3 including Pericles

  17. HOMER(a blind poet) • Iliad = Achilles heroics in the Trojan War • The Odyssey = Struggles of Odysseus to return home after the Trojan War

  18. PEOPLE TO KNOW • Aesop – writer of fables, short stories that teach a lesson. • Sophocles –general and playwright. (3 man dramas)

  19. 3 styles of Greek columns:s C Ionic – (two “eyes”) Doric – dull Corinthian – fancy leaves

  20. Greek columns • Doric Ionic Corinthian

  21. The Parthenon • Parthenon Lincoln Memorial

  22. GREEK DRAMA Tragedies = human suffering Comedies = ridiculed society

  23. GREEK PHILOSOPHERS • Socrates: “The unexamined life is not worth living”. Accused of: 1) corrupting youth 2)disrespecting gods Put on trial – found guilty and made to drink hemlock

  24. PLATO • Left Athens for 10 years • Returned and started “The Academy” • Wrote The Republic – did not believe in democracy (because he blamed it for Socrates death) • Wanted philosopher/king to rule

  25. Aristotle: developed idea of the “golden mean” • Started a school, the Lyceum • Famous student - Alexander

  26. ALEXANDER THE GREAT

  27. Son of Phillip II of Macedonia • Student of Aristotle • Loved learning the arts • 1st love – military • Married Persian woman

  28. y • Conquered all of Persian Empire • Spread empire throughout India • NEVER lost a battle • Died of a fever • Spread the Greek culture = Hellenistic – ( P I G E) • (know the four blended cultures!)

  29. HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION • It’s “heart” was in Alexandria, Egypt • Pharos – 440’ Lighthouse • The Museum – House of Muses • Stoics – avoided disappointment

  30. People You Must Know • Pericles – Athens leader: Direct democracy • Cleisthenes – credited w/democracy • Herodotus – Father of History (research and avoiding bias) • Pheidippides – runner at Marathon Plains

  31. MORE PEOPLE!!! • Pythagoras – sides of a right angle • Hippocrates – medical ethics • Euclid – geometry • Archimedes – scientist (lever and pulley) and new ideas of physics

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