Dr. Mary Jane Perry SMS and Ira C. Darling Marine Center University of Maine

1. Use of Gliders to study Phytoplankton and Particles in Waters off the Washington Coastwith a long preamble for context Dr. Mary Jane PerrySMS and Ira C. Darling Marine CenterUniversity of Maine

3. Rudnick and Perry, 2003

4. WHAT are ALPS?WHY ALPS ?WHAT to “sense” ?

5. Surface Drifters (figure courtesy of Peter Niiler)

6. Surface Drifters record location,SST & mets

7. Changes in phytoplankton (F) and total particles (beam c) to estimate net phytoplankton growth rate(Abbott et al., 1990)

8. Profiling floats (figure courtesy of Russ Davis)

9. 1 float w/ optics, Emmanuel Boss Profiling Floats record location, CTD profile

10. temperature Kd 490 (phytoplankton) Evolution of spring bloom in the Sea of Japan (figure courtesy of Greg Mitchell)

11. REMUS AUV (figure courtesy of Chris von Alt)

12. AUV vertical profiles, backscattering, chlorophyll fluorescence, and bioluminescence in Monterey Bay (Haddock et. al.)

13. Eriksen Seaglider (more on Seaglider later) (figure courtesy of Charlie Eriksen)

14. ALPS Goal: distributed networks, w/ bio-geo-chemical sensors

15. WHY distributed networks of ALPS ? Fundamental observational problem in oceanography is sampling a turbulent fluid with physical, biological, and chemical processes on a wide range of scales. ******** Autonomous platforms off many advantages for sampling in the ocean

16. Research from ships is sometimes difficult not to mention the cost, the logistics, lack of temporal continuity of measurements, and the inability to measure synoptically !

17. Moorings, such as GOMOOS, provide excellent temporal resolution, but only at a single location. GOMOOS mooring

18. Satellites offer global, synoptic coverage.

19. But ocean color satellites don’t see through the clouds.

20. North Atlantic spring bloom, April pigment concentration SeaWiFS GSFC

21. North Atlantic spring bloom, April pigment concentration pixels / month SeaWiFS GSFC B. Sackmann, UMaine

22. Nor do ocean color satellites readily provide vertical structure. Seaglider F data, Monterey Bay (Perry & Eriksen)

23. WHY distributed networks of ALPS ? Fundamental observational problem in oceanography is sampling a turbulent fluid with physical, biological, and chemical processes on a wide range of scales. ALPS - unique solution to space/time sampling autonomous and persistent presencescaleable to the process of interest easily portable even to remote locationsflexible and re-directable sampling

24. WHAT bio-geo-chemical sensors and WHY? Optics as proxies for phytoplankton and particles Chemical measurements of O2, dissolved nutrients, carbon system components, biomarkers, pollutants, etc. Biological response to physical forcing, such as mixed layer dynamics, episodic events, … Biological response to climate change Carbon cycle and its variability in space & time “Fish-eye” view of the environment Etc.

25. What are we doing with Seaglider off the Washington coast?

26. We = The NOPP glider group MJP, Charlie Eriksen, Sackmann, Boss, Karp-Boss WET Labs, Newton

27. glider Seaglider

29. movie

30. SeaWiFS surface ocean color image of Washington coast(this slide and following SeaWiFS slides are from Sackmann et al., in press, JGR)

34. 2002 MODIS YD 119what’s the subsurface phytoplankton?

43. Autumn 2002 MODIS ocean color image & Seaglider track

45. The ability of autonomous platforms to provide a depth dimension to surface-biased satellite data and to observe widespread, unpredictable or ephemeral events demonstrates the power of these platforms to contribute to the evolving Ocean Observing Systems.

46. (hang) gliding from ALPS