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Sud de France Master- Level Webinar Program

Sud de France Master- Level Webinar Program. Supported and endorsed by:. Webinar 3:. Grapes and Winemaking. The Players in the Game. Learning Objectives. Look at the major and some minor grape varieties of the region A resume of the types of wine and winemaking techniques used.

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Sud de France Master- Level Webinar Program

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  1. Sud de France Master-LevelWebinar Program Supported and endorsed by:

  2. Webinar 3: Grapes and Winemaking • The Players in the Game

  3. Learning Objectives • Look at the major and some minor grape varieties of the region • A resume of the types of wine and winemaking techniques used. • Understand the wine quality designations of the region

  4. White varieties AOC VDNOC IGP Sparkling Bourboulenc Carignan blanc Chardonnay Chasan Chenin Colombard Clairette Grenache blanc Grenache gris Macabeu Malvoisie du Roussillon Marsanne Mauzac Muscat à petits grains Muscat d’Alexandrie Picquepoul blanc Roussanne Sauvignon Sémillon Terret Ugni blanc Vermentino Viognier M M = Minervois blanc

  5. Red and Rosé varieties AOCVDNOC IGP Cabernet franc Cabernet-Sauvignon Carignan noir Marselan Cinsault Cot Grenache noir Grenache gris Lladoner Pelut Merlot Mourvèdre Petit Verdot Pinot noir Portan Syrah C – M C – M C – M – L C – M - L L – CR C = Cabardès M = Malepère L = Limoux CR = Crémant

  6. 56 varieties allowed for IGP Pays d’Oc • Primary grapes

  7. 56 varieties allowed for IGP Pays d’Oc • Secondary grapes

  8. White Grape Varieties • Main Local Varieties : • Piquepoul Blanc • Grenache Blanc • Grenache Gris • Bourboulenc • Muscats • Macabeu • Roussanne • Marsanne • Clairette • Mauzac

  9. White Grape Varieties • Important Local varieties • Grenache Gris • Bourboulenc • Macabeu • Mauzac • Clairette • Vermentino (Rolle)

  10. White Grape Varieties • International Varieties • Chardonnay • Sauvignon Blanc • Viognier

  11. White Grape Varieties • Out of favour • Chasan • Terret • Ugni Blanc

  12. White Grape Varieties • Surprises • Gewurztraminer • Riesling • Sylvaner • Altesse • Pinot Blanc

  13. Red Grape Varieties • Main Local Varieties • Grenache Noir • Carignan • Syrah • Mourvèdre • Cinsault

  14. Red Grape Varieties • International Varieties • Cabernet Sauvignon • Cabernet Franc • Merlot • Cot (Malbec) • Pinot Noir

  15. Red Grape Varieties • Out of favor • Alicante Bouschet • Portan • Marselan • Chenanson

  16. Red Grape Varieties • Surprises • Carmenère • Mondeuse • Négrette • Nielluccio • Petit Verdot • Tempranillo

  17. Viticulture • Gobelet /Bush vine Traditional method. Used for old varieties esp Grenache and Carignan • Trellising Modern vineyards planted on posts and wires. Irrigation.

  18. Traditional maceration after crushing Carbonic maceration (Ex: Carignan ) Flash-Détente process, Thermovinification Microbullage (micro-oxygenation) Mandatory malo-lactic fermentation Maturation: - AOC: an average of 2 years in vat or in wood - VDPOC (Wines of Pays d ’Oc): from 6 months to 2 years (barrels, chips) Vinification, maturation and characteristics Dry red wines (*different types of vinification)

  19. Vinification obtained by bleeding after a few hours of maceration Vinification obtained by direct pressing Possible malo-lactic fermentation Maturation : “Age-able” wine (which is sometimes vinified and aged in oak barrels) Vinification, maturation and characteristics Dry Rosé wines

  20. Mostly made from direct pressing; some maceration Vinification at controlled temperatures Some vinification in barrels Possible malo-lactic fermentation Stored in cellar: Most of them should be drunk young (2 years) Wines aged in oak barrels: longer-lived Vinification, maturation and characteristics Dry white wines

  21. 1285: Arnaud de Vilanova During fermentation, a 96% vol. neutral grape alcohol is added, in the amount of 5% to 10 % of the volume of the must in order to halt the yeast action Some VDN are made by mutage “sur grains“; others by mutage in the liquid phase Vinification of Vins Doux Naturels (VDN) Mutage

  22. Vinification of Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)

  23. Vinification of Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)

  24. Red, Tuilé Vinification eitherthrough: Mutage on must, long macerationin alcohol Mutage after pressing of must derivedfromtraditionalmaceration Maturation of Red VDN Tuilé VDN White, Ambré Vinification eitherthrough: Maceration for a few hours Direct pressing Mutage sur marc (Muscat) or on must (liquid phase) Maturation of White VDN Ambré VDN Vinification and maturation of VDNs

  25. Whole grape pressing Juice selection and complete fermentation in temperature-controlled vats. Just before bottling, a liqueur de tirage (mixture of yeasts and sugar) is added so that a second fermentation will take place in the bottle, thus enabling bubble formation; the yeasts convert the sugar into alcohol and fine bubbles. This second in-bottle fermentation lasts several months (at least 9 months for the Blanquette de Limoux and 12 for the Crémant de Limoux). The daily remuage (riddling) in the pupitres allows the sediment deposit formed in the bottle to move into the neck. The neck of the bottle is then frozen in order to expel the deposit. Before the final corking, a liqueur d’expédition (sugar dosage) is added which gives each cuvée its dry or semi-dry character. Vinification of sparkling wines

  26. Naturallysweetwines, resultingfrom the vinification of an over-ripe harvestwithoutalcohol ‘mutage’ The over-ripeness of the grapescanbeobtained via: concentration on the vine or through ‘passerillage’ noble rot Natural sugar content in the must: minimum 252 g/L Analyticalnorms as per the approved Appellation rules : Minimum (4.5%) 45 g/l residualsugar in the finished wine Vins de pays d’Oc Vendanges Surmûries

  27. France’s Organic Vineyards

  28. France’s Organic Vineyards

  29. New EU rules from 2012 vintage ‘Organic wine” applies to winemaking as well as viticulture Banned substances egSorbic Acid Lower levels of SO2 No reciprocal agreement for US EU rules for Organic

  30. Wine Quality designations

  31. Wine Quality designations

  32. Languedoc + 15 designations Corbières Corbières Boutenac Minervois Minervois La Livinière Saint Chinian Saint Chinian Roquebrun Saint Chinian Berlou Faugères Limoux (Still & sparklingAOCs) Malepère Cabardès Clairette du Languedoc Muscat de Frontignan, de Lunel, de Mireval et de Saint Jean de Minervois (VDN) Côtes du Roussillon Côtes du Roussillon Les Aspres Côtes du Roussillon Villages Côtes du Roussillon Villages Caramany Côtes du Roussillon Villages Latour de France Côtes du Roussillon Villages Lesquerde Côtes du Roussillon Villages Tautavel Collioure Muscat de Rivesaltes (VDN) Rivesaltes (VDN) Maury (VDN) and Sec Banyuls & BanyulsGrand Cru (VDN) Languedoc-Roussillon AOCs AOC LANGUEDOC AOC ROUSSILLON

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