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First Nations and the Fur Trade

First Nations and the Fur Trade. Clan Membership. Clan has been used to designate social groups whose members trace descent from either male or female ancestors This  means that a person belongs to the clan of either parent. 

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First Nations and the Fur Trade

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  1. First Nations and the Fur Trade

  2. Clan Membership • Clan has been used to designate social groups whose members trace descent from either male or female ancestors • This means that a person belongs to the clan of either parent.  • Examples of matrilineal societies, those tracing descent from a female, are the Haudenosaunee, Haida and Tsimshian

  3. Matrilineal Clan System • This means they follow the line of descent of the mother. • Children belong to their mother’s clan. • Inheritance follows mothers line • men often retained responsibilities to his mother’s family.

  4. Patrilineal Clan System This means they follow the line of descent of the father. • Children belong to their father’s clan. • Inheritance follows father’s line

  5. Importance of Elders • ELDERS The job of the elders was to instruct the young one's.  • They are considered wise, and respected for their knowledge and guidance

  6. Teaching the Next Generation • First Nations stories were not just entertainment, for they transmitted culture, spiritual beliefs, and knowledge • Think of the ways you have been taught about your culture

  7. Living a precontact life • Life did include travelling,hunting,gathering,fishing,raw material procurement and processing …but human life is SOCIAL life. Now and in the past… • creating, affirming and modifying political and economic relationships • Ceremonial acts, including celebration, mourning, and memorializing • Artistic life, including manufacture and curation of materials, creation and performance of songs, stories, dance and drama • healthcare, including collecting, preparing and using biopharmaceuticals; treatment and recuperation • justice, penance, and peacekeeping

  8. The Fur Trade • a vast commercial enterprise across the territory of what is now Canada, and sustained primarily by the trapping of beavers to satisfy the European demand for felt hats • It was the driving force behind European settlement in North America • Trade opened up contact between First Nations and Europeans • Caused exploration of the continent and the creation of Canada

  9. The Northwest First Nations • Predominantly defined by the Canadian Shield • This vast region is home to four major First Nations • The Cree (Nehiyaw) • The Anishinabe (Ojibway) • The Nakoda (Stoney) • The Dene (Chipewyan)

  10. Importance of First Nations in the Fur Trade • There would be no fur trade if not for the knowledge and aid of First Nations • Knew the hunting grounds and habits of animals • Taught Europeans how to survive the land • Acted as trappers, traders, and guides

  11. Fur Trade Impact on First Nations 1# • The Fur Trade disrupted the traditional way of life • Demand for furs made First Nations spend more time on trapping • Yearly cycle of fishing, hunting, and preserving food interrupted • Dependence on trade goods

  12. Fur Trade Impact on First Nations 2# • Created a dependence on an unsustainable resource • Fur Bearing animals almost hunted to extinction • First nations no longer able to trade for European goods • Many First Nations families faced starvation and forced to relocate

  13. Fur Trade Impact on First Nations 3# • Introduced alcoholism among First Nations • The NWC allowed the trade of alcohol for furs • Addictive • Poisonous alcohol being traded • Moonshine • Made with chemicals • deadly

  14. Fur Trade Impact on First Nations 4# • European contact with First Nations led to the spread of disease • Disease such as Smallpox wiped out entire villages • Devastated cultures that survived on Oral Traditions • Not always unintentional

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