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TAKSONOMI TANAH

TAKSONOMI TANAH. TAKSONOMI TANAH. Tujuan Taksonomi Tanah: 1. Organize knowledge about soils 2. Understand relationships among different soils 3. Establish groups or classes for practical purposes. a. Memprediksi perilaku tanah b. Identifikasi penggunaan tanah yang sesuai

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TAKSONOMI TANAH

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  1. TAKSONOMI TANAH

  2. TAKSONOMI TANAH • TujuanTaksonomi Tanah: • 1. Organize knowledge about soils • 2. Understand relationships among different soils • 3. Establish groups or classes for practical purposes. • a. Memprediksiperilakutanah • b. Identifikasipenggunaantanah yang sesuai • c. Estimasiproduktivitastanah • d. Menyebar-luaskanhasil-hasilpenelitian Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  3. Soil Taxonomy: 12 Ordo Tanah • Soils are classified into into six categories based on diagnostic characteristics • The last (largest) category will place the soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders (Ordo Tanah).

  4. Soil Taxonomy Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesicAquic Argiudolls (This is the name of a specific soil in Soil Taxonomy) • Orders (12) • Suborders (54) • Great Groups (211) • Subgroups (1,100+) • Family (7,000+) • Series (a lot!) This is the name of one Of the 12 large categories Mollisol - oll Oder - root of order

  5. Orders = Ordo • Highest and most general of the soil classification system (similar to the phylum in plant taxonomy) • Based on conditions under which the soil developed Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesicAquicArgiudolls Order oll = Mollisols

  6. Sub Order Order Suborders = Sub-Ordo • Grouped by similarities in soil formation such as wetter/dryer soil, colder/warmer soil, etc. Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesicAquicArgiudolls Ud = Udic Moisture

  7. Great Groups Based on differences between soil horizons Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesicAquicArgiudolls Sub Order Order Great Group Argi = AkumulasiLiat

  8. Sub Groups (not required to know) • Describes a profile characteristic, wetness, sand, tonguing of E, etc. Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesicAquic Argiudolls Sub Order Sub Group Order Great Group Aquic = wet soil

  9. Family (not required to know) • Based on soil properties that affect management and root penetration, such as texture, temperature, and depth Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesicAquic Argiudolls Sub Order Sub Group Family Order Texture, clay minerals, CEC, temp, Great Group

  10. Seri Tanah – this is where the soils of the week names are from – misalnya: Lester, Clarion, Nashwauk etc. Named from the town or landscape feature near where the soil was first recognized (Lester = Lester Prairie, MN. Other examples = Clarion, Nashwauk, Milaca, Port Byron, Zimmerman.) Fine-loamy mixed, superactive, mesicAquicArgiudolls Sub Order Sub Group Family Order Great Group

  11. Horizon Penciri -Used to place soils into one of the 12 Soil Orders Permukaan(Epipedon) • Mollic • Umbric • Histic • Ochric • Bawah-permukaan • Argillic • Natric • Spodic • Oxic • Cambic • None

  12. Soil Taxonomy- Diagnostic Surface Epipedons EpipedonMolik: Lapisanpermukaan yang tebal, gelap, lunak. • Characteristics • Thick - greater than 10 inches; High base saturation> 50%; • Tanah Mineral • Tanah-tanahterbentukpadakondisivegetasi prairie

  13. Other Epipedons Base Saturation = relative amount of bases (Ca, Mg, K) in the soil, Low %= few, high% = many • Umbric - like mollic, but low base saturation • Histic - Organic Soil - saturated with water, > -% organic matter • Ochric - thin, light colored - surface layers that do not fit any of the above

  14. Okhrik Histik lighter color more organic matter thinner Molik low base saturation Umbrik PembandinganEpipedon

  15. Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons • Argillic - illuvial horizon of clay accumulation - Bt • Natric - same as argillic but with > 15% exchangeable sodium (Na) - Btn

  16. Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons • Spodic - illuvial accumulation of oxides of Al and Fe (sesquioxides) and OM, red or dark red color - only found in acid sandy soils, with high rainfall- generally found below E horizon. Contains a Bhs or Bs horizon or Bhsm Oi E Bhs Bs C

  17. subsurface horizons (cont.) • Oxic - very weathered layer of only Fe and Al oxides and 1:1 clay minerals, low pH and not very fertile (found in tropical soils) Bo • Cambic - slightly altered layer - not weathered enough to be argillic, Bw horizon designation or development of color and or structure • NONE - no diagnostic subsurface horizon present

  18. Comparison of Subsurface Diagnostic Horizons Spodic Cambic less developed more Al and Fe Argillic very weathered more sodium Oxic Natric

  19. Entisol Inceptisol Andisols Spodosols Mollisols Alfisols Ultisols Oxisols Aridisols Vertisols Histosols Gelisols 12 Soil Orders - Each Order has a diagnostic epipedon and subsurface horizons – which could be “none”.WEB SITE for soil orders = www.mines.uidaho.edu/pses/teach_res

  20. Entisol - ent • Recent soils - minimal development, little horizonation, young soils. • 12.5% of world, Ochric + none Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  21. Entisol - Idaho A R Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  22. Vertisol - ert • Inverted - soils with high clay content, • Large shrink swell potential - • gradually invert on themselves, • 2.1% of the world, • Mollic or Ochric + • none Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  23. Vertisol = Bss at slickenslide soil cracks Slickenslide Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  24. Inceptisol - ept • Inception - soil shows the beginning of horizon development, little or no illuviation, • 15.8% of world, Ochric or Umbric + cambic. Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  25. Inceptisol • Soil Formed in colluvial material in mountains of Idaho. Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  26. Aridisols - id • Arid regions of the world (19%), < 10 in. of rainfall, usually contain carbonates, • Ochric + cambic or argillic or other diagnostic feature. A Bw Bk C Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  27. Aridisol in Idaho A Bt Bk Bkqm R Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  28. Aridisol - Nevada • NaCl Salt accumulates on the surface and in the subsurface. Az Bz C1 C2 Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  29. Mollisols - oll • soils with thick, dark, soft surface • mollic+ cambic, natric, argillicor none • base saturation • soils of the prairie • 9% of the world Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  30. Mollisol • This mollisol formed in a new parent material (loess) that buried the original soil -the Btb (b = buried). • Mollisol from Kansas that is developed in Limestone bedrock. A1 A2 Bw BC R Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2014

  31. Spodosols- od • acid sandy soils with thick E and red Bhs - ochric and spodic - • 5.4 % of the world - infertile soils. Oi E Bhs Bs C Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  32. Alfisol -- alf • fertile forested soils with ochric and argillic - high base saturation (> 35%) - forested soils • 7% of the world. Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  33. Ultisols - ult • soils more weathered than Alfisols - ochric and argillic - low base saturation < 35% - redder and more acid than Alfisols • 8.5% of the world - less fertile than Alfisols A E Bt1 Bt2 BC Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  34. Alfisol & Ultisol Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  35. Histosols - ist • Tanah-tanahGambut- organic material - histic • 0.8% of the world • EpipedonHistik. Oe1 Oe2 Oe3 Oe4 Oa 2C Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013 Photo USDA

  36. Andisols - and • soils from volcanic ash - very light - low bulk density – • 1% or the world A Bw 2BC 2C A Bw Ab Bwb Ab’ Andisol from Idaho Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  37. Oxisols - ox • Soils with Oxic horizon - very weathered - soils of the tropics. low pH - acid soils - high in 1:1 clay minerals • 9.2% of world Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  38. Oxisol Ap1 Ap2 Bo1 Bo2 Bo3 Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  39. Gelisol - el • New Order as of 1998 - soils with permafrost (formerly Cryochrepts - or frozen Inceptisols) • HorisonCf Diunduhdari: www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/lecture%20pp/l05a.ppt …. 9/2/2013

  40. Soil Suborders of Minnesota • Mollisol - Udoll - Boroll - Aquoll - Ustoll • Alfisol - Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf • Dropped in 1998 • Entisol - Orthent - Psamment – Aquent - Fluvent • Inceptisol - Udept - Aquept • Spodosol - Orthod • Vertisol - Aquert • Histosol - Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist

  41. Suborder definitions • Ud - Udic moisture = moist -southern Mn type climate & Us = Ustic = Dry • Bor - Boreas = northern Mn. Climate (Frigid Temperature regime) • Aqu - Aquic moisture = saturated soil - high water table - Gleyed conditions • Orth - true or simple - regular Entisols & Spodosols • Psamm - sand - sandy Entisols • Fluv - floodplain –irregular Organic matter

  42. Udoll - Ustoll- Aquoll Ustoll

  43. Udalf - Boralf - Aqualf

  44. Orthent - Psamment – Aquent - Fluvent Orthent A Bw C Not Cambic due to being too sandy

  45. FLUVENT • Fluvent – Soils of the floodplains. • Lots of layers that are deposited when the river floods

  46. Orthod Minnesota Orthod Wisconsin Orthod A E Bhs Bs C

  47. Udept - Aquept EUTRUDEPTS

  48. Aquert

  49. Fibrist - Hemist - Saprist

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