2011 U.S. History End of Course Test Review Domain 4: Establishment as a World Power

1. 2011 U.S. History End of Course Test ReviewDomain 4: Establishment as a World Power

2. World War I 1st: U.S. neutral Sinking of Lusitania (1915) Americans die Zimmerman Telegram (1917) Germany asksMexico to attack U.S. Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare Attacking all ships

3. U.S. Jumps In U.S. enters WWI in 1917 Selective Service Act: Draft to boost military numbers Armistice signed in late 1918

4. Impact at Home • Increased rolefor government • Espionage andSedition Acts (’17) • Illegal to interfere withdraft, make statements critical ofgovernment • Eugene Debs: Socialist leader imprisoned for criticism of government • Led Pullman Strike; ran for prez

5. Great Migration • Labor shortage in North • Men gone to fight • New jobs to make war supplies • Great Migration: Mass movement of Blacks from rural South to Northern cities • Escape Jim Crow

6. After the War • Paris PeaceConference • Wilson’s 14 Points • Plan for world peace after WWI • League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles: Reparations,War Guilt Clause, military restrictions, territory losses, demilitarized zone • Senate didn’t ratify b/c of League

7. Communism Abroad • Russia becomescommunist withRevolution in 1917 • Communism:State regulateseconomy, noprivate ownership • Future global division: communism vs. capitalism

8. Red Scare, Immigrants • Americans scaredby Russian Rev,worried aboutcommunists in U.S. • Renewed Nativism • New restrictions onimmigration • Favored W. Europeans • New KKK targets: • Jews, Catholics, Communists, immigrants

9. 1920s America • Model T Ford (‘13) • First mass-produced car • Mass Production • Make enough tosell at low price • Assembly Line • Worker specialization • Increased efficiency • Radio: First source of mass communication; national unity

10. Harlem Renaissance • Cultural movement (arts,literature, music); showed Black experienceto country • “Rebirth” ofAfrican culture • Harlem, NYC • Apollo Theater • Jazz: Uniquely American music

11. Music and Lit • Louis Armstrong • Jazz trumpeter • Langston Hughes • Black poet, playwright • Wrote about rough lives of working- class blacks • Focus on African heritage • Tin Pan Alley: Center of music industry • NYC music houses • Irving Berlin: • 3K songs • ‘White Christmas’ • ‘God Bless America’

12. GD Causes • Overproduction:Producing goodsfaster than consumers buy them • Prices fall • Buying on Speculation (invest assuming market will keep improving) • ‘Buying on the Margin’ (Buying stock with borrowed money)

13. GD Starts • Hoover elected president in ’28 • Black Tuesday • October 29, 1929 • Stock marketcrashed • Started GreatDepression • Lasted 10+ years • Hoover’s response: • Hand’s off (mostly)! • Later passed Smoot-Hawley Act • Raised tariffs (made things worse)

14. GD Effects • Stock market fails • People lose $$ • Can’t pay back loans to banks • People can’t afford stocks • Businesses lose investments • Banks fail • People lose life-savings • Businesses fail; Unemployment to 25% • Homeless: Soup kitchens, Breadlines • Hoovervilles: Shantytowns/slums for homeless; Hoover gets blame

15. Farming • Overproducingon farms led to damaged land;that and droughts led to lack of crops • Dust Bowl: Series of storms in Great Plains in ’30s with huge clouds of dust; 2.5M displaced

16. The New Deal • FDR’s plan to get out of depression • First 100 Days: • Dozens of newplans, programs • Tennessee ValleyAuthority (TVA): • Jobs building dams, bringing electricity to South; helped region prosper

17. 2nd New Deal • ‘Wagner Act’ • Monitor unfairmanagement • Private sector workers can unionize, strike • Shift: Gov’t supporting workers • Social Security Act: • Retirement income for folks 65+ • $$ to unemployed, disabled

18. FDR Setbacks • Huey Long: FDRnot going farenough • Redistributewealth • Supreme Courtstruck manyNew Deal ideas • FDR: Expandcourt to 15 • Blocked; expanded by just two

19. Eleanor Roosevelt • Changed role of First Lady • Social reformer, civil rights activist • Traveled country,reminded FDR of suffering • FDR in wheelchair • Urged FDR to appoint women, Blacks

20. FDR and Civil Rights • A. Philip Randolph:Plans March on D.C.in ’41 to protest racial discrimination • Cancelled afterFDR issued FairEmployment Actbanning racial discrimination in hiring of militaryworkers

21. World War II • U.S. originally neutral, got involved after Pearl Harbor • Wartime production stimulated the U.S. economy, ended the Depression • Victory in WWII solidified U.S. as international superpower

22. Lend-Lease Act • March ’41 • FDR plan to send arms, supplies to ‘nation whose defense is vital to U.S.’ • U.S. assists Allied Powers (Britain, France, Soviets) • Starts U.S. ‘unofficial’ involvement

23. Pearl Harbor • Dec 7, 1941 • Surprise attack • Japan bombsU.S. naval base • Killed 3000 • FDR: ‘Day whichwill live in infamy’ • Congress declareswar on Japan, Germany, Italy

24. FDR: Executive Order 9066 • Pearl Harbor led to fear,suspicion • Internment:U.S. put 100KJapanese-Americans in isolated desert camps • Some German- Americans, Italian-Americans also sent

25. War at Home • Factories converted to make military goods • Rationing used to control distribution of certain materials • Rosie the Riveter: Symbol of the American women’s war effort • Women and Blacks fill gap in workforce

26. Battle of Midway • June 1942 • Surprise attackby U.S. on Japan territory • Turning point • End Japanese advance • Island hopping: • Allies went island by island to win territory back from Japan while moving toward its mainland

27. D-Day • Operation Overlord • LiberateW. Europe • Largest land-sea-air operation ever • June 6, 1944: Landed at Normandy Beach, France • Allies free France, move into Germany

28. Dropping the Atomic Bomb • Nickname:Manhattan Project • Led by: RobertOppenheimer • Tested in: LosAlamos, NM • Truman bombs Hiroshima, Nagasaki • No U.S. loss oflife this way • Japan surrenders

29. Cold War Begins • West vs. Soviets(Capitalism vs. Socialism) • U.S. wanted to stop spread ofcommunism • USSR wanted tospreadcommunism

30. Containment Containment: Keepcommunism to where it exists,don’t let it spread Truman Doctrine:U.S. will intervene,aid nations toresist communism Marshall Plan: $$$to help revive war- torn economies in Europe (prevent communism from spreading); also spur U.S. economy

31. Korean War • Korea divided at 38th Parallel by US/USSR • 1950: North invadedSouth • U.S. got involved tostop S. Korea frombecoming Communist • U.S. pushed Northback, kept going • Communist China sent in troops to aid North • 38th Parallel becamedividing line

32. Attitudes at Home • Fears about ColdWar, communism • Nuclear arms race with USSR • 2nd Red Scare: Communist fearsin US in ’50s • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • Hunted for Communists

33. McCarthyism • U.S. SenatorJoe McCarthy • Used public fearto hold hearings of accused communists in government • Little evidence to support claims • Later discredited