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Ammensalism

Ammensalism. The “0 / -” symbiotic relationship. What is ammensalism ?. Ammensalism is the ecological interaction in which an individual species harms another without obtaining benefit .

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Ammensalism

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  1. Ammensalism The “0 / -” symbiotic relationship

  2. What is ammensalism? • Ammensalism is the ecological interaction in which an individual species harms another without obtaining benefit. • This type of symbiotic relationship is common, but not considered an important process structuring communities because they are “accidental” and do not benefit the species doing the harm • It is a 0/- relationship

  3. Examples of Ammensalism • Elephants stepping on ants or leveling brush does not benefit the elephant but causes harm

  4. Examples of Ammensalism • Algal blooms can lead to the death of many species of fish and other animals, however the algae do not benefit from the deaths of these individuals

  5. Examples of Ammensalism • One of the best examples of ammensalism is the one established between humans and other species under extinction due to human actions like habitat devastation by fires, ecological accidents, pollution of water, etc.

  6. Examples of Ammensalism • One way scientists have used ammensalism to help humans can be found in the relationship of the bread moldpenicillium with bacteria. Penicillium releases a chemical called penicillin which kills bacteria without benefiting the bread mold. Luckily we use this secretion as medicine!

  7. Unfortunately science is slow • Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic (long-term) heart condition caused by rheumatic fever • Rheumatic fever is caused by a preceding group A streptococcal (strep) infection • Treating strep throat with antibiotics can prevent rheumatic fever • Moreover, regular antibiotics (usually monthly injections) can prevent patients with rheumatic fever from contracting further strep infections and causing progression of valve damage. • Rheumatic heart disease is known as a disease of poor people because it leads to 15 million or more cases of heart disease that requires open heart surgery, all in areas where antibiotics are unavailable

  8. 0 A B - Amensalism - + A B A B 0 0 Amensalism Commensalism + - + + 0 A A B B A A B B A B - + + + + Parasitism Parasitism Mutualism Mutualism Commensalism A Summary of Symbiotic Interactions Influence of species A - (negative) 0 (neutral/null) + (positive) - Influence of Species B 0 +

  9. Review game • Ring toss game • Two teams • You will answer question as a team • If you get the answer correct, choose one person to throw for points • If a team gets a question incorrect, the other team may steal

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