Victorianism, imperialism & Early Modernism

1. Victorianism,imperialism &Early Modernism Introduction to Humanities

2. Fun facts • 1881: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (Tombstone, Arizona) between Wyatt Earp/Earp Brothers/Doc Holliday and outlaw cowboys • When Seurat first revealed his painting La Grande Jatte, the critics hated his departure from strict Impressionism

3. Historical context • 1871: Foundation of German Empire • 1876: Invention of telephone • 1879: Invention of electric light • 1883-85: Nietzsche writes Thus Spake Zarathustra • 1885: Invention of gasoline automobile • 1899: Freud writes The Interpretation of Dreams • 1902: Conrad writes Heart of Darkness • 1905: Einstein publishes Theory of Relativity • 1914-1918: World War I • 1915: First major motion picture: Birth of a Nation (racist depiction of Civil War era) • 1918 & 1920: Women earn right to vote in U.K. and U.S., respectively Impressionist Art Post-Impressionist Art Fauvism & Cubism

4. Key words/principles • Imperialism • Second Industrial Revolution • Capitalism, Communism, and Nationalism • Victorianism vs. Avant-Garde

5. World war I (1914-1918) • Trench warfare • Poison gas • Machine guns • All Quiet on the Western Front, 1979 • June 1914: Assassination of heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand • August 1914: Germany and Austria vs. Russia, France, and U.K. • United States enters in April 1917 • Germans sink Lusitania in 1915 (128 Americans aboard) • Germans sink several U.S. commercial liners

6. philosophy Can you give yourself your own evil and your own good and hang your own will over yourself as a law? Can you be your own judge and avenger of your law? Terrible it is to be alone with the judge and avenger of one’s own law. Thus is a star thrown out into the void and into the icy breath of solitude. Today you are still suffering from the many, being one: today your courage and your hopes are still whole. But the time will come when solitude will make you weary, when your pride will double up, and your courage gnash its teeth. And you will cry, I am alone! The time will come when that which seems high to you will no longer be in sight, and that which seems low will be all-too-near; even what seems sublime to you will frighten you like a ghost. And you will cry, All is false! (…) But the worst enemy you can encounter will always be you, yourself; you lie in wait for yourself in caves and woods. • Friedrich Nietzsche • Thus Spake Zarathustra, 1883-85 (Four parts) • Overman • Will to power • First modernist philosopher (along with Kierkegaard) • Precursor to existentialism • Predicted war and moral decline of 20th century • “Absolutist” theories of past built on non-exist principles • “God is dead”

7. Psychology Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Collective unconscious Dream Analysis Theories led to development of Myers-Briggs indicator Extroversion vs. Introversion Intuitive vs. Sensing Feeling vs. Thinking Judging vs. Perceiving • Id • Superego • Ego • Psychoanalysis

8. literature • Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, 1902 • Apocalypse Now, 1979 • Kate Chopin, The Awakening, 1899 "'Woman, my dear friend, is a very peculiar and delicate organism--a sensitive and highly organized woman, such as I know Mrs. Pontellier to be, is especially peculiar. It would require an inspired psychologist to deal successfully with them. And when ordinary fellows like you and me attempt to cope with their idiosyncrasies the result is bungling. Most women are moody and whimsical. This is some passing whim of your wife, due to some cause or cause which you and I needn't try to fathom.'" “I was within a hair’s-breadth of the last opportunity for pronouncement, and I found with humiliation that probably I would have nothing to say. This is the reason why I affirm that Kurtz was a remarkable man. He had something to say. He said it. . . . He had summed up—he had judged. ‘The horror!’ He was a remarkable man.”

9. Literature • Lewis Carroll • Through the Looking-Glass (1871) • Oscar Wilde • The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) • Robert Louis Stevenson • Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) • Rudyard Kipling • The Jungle Book (1894)

10. Literature • Alfred Lord Tennyson • Ulysses • Tho' much is taken, much abides; and thoughWe are not now that strength which in old daysMoved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are;One equal temper of heroic hearts,Made weak by time and fate, but strong in willTo strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. • Poets • William Butler Yeats • The Second Coming • Turning and turning in the widening gyre    The falcon cannot hear the falconer;    Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;    Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,    The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere    The ceremony of innocence is drowned;    The best lack all conviction, while the worst    Are full of passionate intensity.

11. Art • Impressionism • Claude Monet, Water Lilies, 1906

12. art • Pointillism • Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884-86

13. Art • Abstraction • Paul Cezanne, Still Life with a Curtain, 1895

14. Art • Primitivism • Paul Gauguin, Tahitian Women on the Beach, 1891

15. Art • Expressionism • Vincent Van Gogh,Wheatfield with Crows, 1890

16. ARt • Fauvism • Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life, 1905

17. Art • Cubism • Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921

18. Art • Russian Abstract • Wassily Kandinsky, Composition VII, 1913

19. Architecture • Frank Lloyd Wright, Wright House and Studio, 1889

20. Music • Claude Debussy • Igor Stravinsky • Rise of Jazz & Blues • “Dallas Blues” (Hart Wand) 1912 • Ragtime