动态模型与静态模型

1. 动态模型与静态模型

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3. UML交互图 3

4. UML交互图 • OO设计的原则比画图更重要 • 交互图包括：顺序图和协作图 4

5. lifeline box representing the class Font , or more precisely , that Font is lifeline box representing a lifeline box representing an an instance of class Class – an named instance unnamed instance of class Sale instance of a metaclass «metaclass» : Sale s 1 : Sale Font List is an interface lifeline box representing an lifeline box representing instance of an ArrayList class , one instance of class Sale , in UML 1 . x we could not use an parameterized ( templatized ) to selected from the sales interface here , but in UML 2 , this ( or hold Sale objects ArrayList < Sale > collection an abstract class ) is legal sales : x : List sales [ i ] : Sale ArrayList < Sale > related example 常用交互图的表示法（续） • 生命线框图 5

6. 常用交互图的表示法（续） • 消息表达式的基本语法 return = message(parameter : parameterType) : returnType 6

7. 1 : Register : Store the ‘ 1 ’ implies this is a Singleton , and accessed via the Singleton pattern doX doA 常用交互图的表示法（续） • 单实例类对象 • Singleton模式 7

8. : Register : Sale doX doA doB 创始消息 a whose sender will not be specified doC doD execution specification bar indicates focus of control sychronous typical message shown with a filled - arrow line 顺序图的基本表示 • 生命线、消息和活动条 8

9. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 表示应答或返回 9

10. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 发送给自身的消息 10

11. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 实例的创建 11

12. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 表示循环 12

13. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 有条件消息 13

14. lineItems [ i ] : : Sale This lifeline box represents one SalesLineItem instance from a collection of many t = getTotal SalesLineItem objects . lineItems [ i ] is the expression to select one element from the loop [ i < lineItems . size ] collection of many st = getSubtotal SalesLineItems ; the ‘i” value refers to the same “i” in the guard i ++ in the LOOP frame action box an may contain arbitrary language statements ( in this case , incrementing ‘i’ ) it is placed over the lifeline to which it applies 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 对集合的迭代 14

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16. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 关联交互图 16

17. message to class , or a static method call doX 1 : locs = getAvailableLocales «metaclass» : Foo Calendar 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 对类调用静态方法的消息 17

18. 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 多态消息的案例 18

19. a stick arrow in UML implies an asynchronous call active object a filled arrow is the more common synchronous call System : : ClockStarter Class In Java , for example , an asynchronous call may occur as follows : startClock // Clock implements the Runnable interface Thread t = new Thread ( new Clock () ) ; create : Clock t . start () ; the asynchronous start call always invokes the run method run on the Runnable ( Clock ) object runFinalization to simplify the UML diagram , the Thread object and the start message may be avoided ( they are standard “overhead” ) ; instead , the essential detail of the Clock creation and the run message imply the asynchronous call 顺序图的基本表示（续） • 异步和同步调用 19

20. 协作图的基本表示法 • 消息及导航路径 20

21. 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 自身传递的消息 21

22. Three ways to show creation in a communication diagram create message , with optional initializing parameters . This will normally be interpreted as a constructor call . 1 : create ( cashier ) : Register : Sale 1 : create ( cashier ) : Register : Sale { new } «create» 1 : make ( cashier ) : Register : Sale if an unobvious creation message name is used , the message may be stereotyped for clarity 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 实例的创建 22

23. 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 消息的顺序编号 23

24. 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 有条件消息 24

25. lineItems [ i ]: t = getTotal 1 * [ i = 1 .. n ]: st = getSubtotal : Sale SalesLineItem This lifeline box represents one instance from a this iteration and recurrence clause indicates collection of many SalesLineItem objects . we are looping across each element of the lineItems collection . lineItems [ i ] is the expression to select one element from the collection of many SalesLineItems ; the ‘i” value comes from the message clause . lineItems [ i ]: t = getTotal 1 *: st = getSubtotal : Sale SalesLineItem Less precise , but usually good enough to imply iteration across the collection members 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 迭代或循环 25

26. message to class , or a static method call doX 1 : locs = getAvailableLocales «metaclass» : Foo Calendar 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 对类调用静态方法的消息 26

27. 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 多态消息 27

28. 协作图的基本表示法（续） • 异步和同步 28

29. UML类图 29

30. officially in UML , the top format is used to distinguish the package SuperclassFoo name from the class name or SuperClassFoo { abstract } unofficially , the second alternative is common - classOrStaticAttribute : Int + publicAttribute : String 3 common - privateAttribute compartments assumedPrivateAttribute isInitializedAttribute : Bool = true java . awt :: Font 1 . classifier name aCollection : VeggieBurger [ * ] or attributeMayLegallyBeNull : String [ 0 .. 1 ] java . awt . Font 2 . attributes finalConstantAttribute : Int = 5 { readOnly } / derivedAttribute plain : Int = 0 { readOnly } 3 . operations bold : Int = 1 { readOnly } + classOrStaticMethod () name : String + publicMethod () style : Int = 0 assumedPublicMethod () ... an interface - privateMethod () shown with a # protectedMethod () getFont ( name : String ) : Font keyword ~ packageVisibleMethod () getName () : String «constructor» SuperclassFoo ( Long ) ... methodWithParms ( parm 1 : String , parm 2 : Float ) methodReturnsSomething () : VeggieBurger methodThrowsException () { exception IOException } «interface» abstractMethod () Runnable Fruit abstractMethod 2 () { abstract } // alternate dependency run () finalMethod () { leaf } // no override in subclass ... synchronizedMethod () { guarded } ... interface implementation and subclassing SubclassFoo PurchaseOrder 1 ... ... order run () ... ... association with multiplicities - ellipsis “…” means there may be elements , but not shown - a blank compartment officially means “unknown” but as a convention will be used to mean “no members” 30

31. 属性文本和关联线 31

32. Register «method» // pseudo - code or a specific language is OK ... public void enterItem ( id , qty ) endSale () { enterItem ( id , qty ) ProductDescription desc = catalog . getProductDescription ( id ) ; makeNewSale () sale . makeLineItem ( desc , qty ) ; makePayment ( cashTendered ) } 类图中表示方法体 32

33. socket line notation Timer Window 1 uses the Timer dependency line notation Window 1 interface Window 2 has a dependency on the required interface it has a Timer interface when it collaborates with a Clock 2 object «interface» Clock 2 Timer ... Window 2 Timer getTime () getTime () ... Clock 1 implements and provides the Clock 3 Timer interface ... Timer Clock 1 Window 3 getTime () ... ... getTime () socket line notation ... lollipop notation indicates Clock 3 implements and provides the Timer interface to clients Window 3 has a dependency on the Timer interface when it collaborates provided interface Timer is a with a Clock 3 object 接口 33

34. 组合 34

35. 单实例类 35

36. the attribute type may be expressed in official UML , with the template binding K parameterized or template «interface» syntax requiring an arrow interfaces and classes List or in another language , such as Java template parameter K is a clear () ... Board squares : List < K Square > anonymous class with or template binding complete squares : List < Square > T ArrayList ... elements : T [*] ArrayList < T Square > ... clear () clear () for example , the elements attribute is an ... ... array of type T , parameterized and bound before actual use . there is a chance the UML 2 “arrow” symbol will eventually be replaced with something else e . g . , ‘ = ’ 模板 36