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CHAPTER 13

CHAPTER 13. SECTION 3. MUSLIM TRADERS SUCCESS. spread Arabic language language of trade merchants provided with coins kept detailed records business deals money made led to banking respected for skills and wealth. MUSLIM CITIES. places of trade important centers of… government

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CHAPTER 13

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  1. CHAPTER 13 SECTION 3

  2. MUSLIM TRADERS SUCCESS • spread Arabic language • language of trade • merchants • provided with coins • kept detailed records • business deals • money made • led to banking • respected for skills and wealth

  3. MUSLIM CITIES • places of trade • important centers of… • government • learning • the arts • looked similar

  4. MAJOR BUILDINGS

  5. MUSLIM PALACES • large • made of brick • courtyards at center • added porches, fountains, and pools • surrounded with walls for protection • most famous in Alhambra, Granada

  6. ALHAMBRA, GRANADA

  7. Arches

  8. Garden

  9. Cathedral Entrance

  10. Ladies Tower

  11. MOSQUE • Muslim houses of worship • served as schools and centers of learning • courtyard • worshipers gather for prayer • many have domes • wall built beneath dome facing Makkah • minarets • towers for criers • crier • announcer • calls believers to prayer five times a day

  12. Mecca or Makkah

  13. Islamic Architecture • Mosque at Cordoba • Blue Mosque

  14. bazaar • marketplace • stalls and shops • most Muslims lived in villages • owned farms • wealthy landowners took over farms • formed large estates • farmers & enslaved people worked for landowners • farmed • fields • grew wheat, rice, beans, & melons • orchards • almonds, blackberries, apricots, figs, & olives • water scarce • used irrigation • raised flowers for perfume

  15. BAZAAR

  16. MUSLIM SOCIETY • based on power and wealth • social ladder/pyramid • top: • government leaders, landowners, & traders • middle: • artisans, farmers, & workers • bottom: • enslaved people

  17. SLAVERY • widespread • Quran states … Muslims cannot enslave other Muslims • traders brought enslaved people from non-Muslim areas • prisoners of war • served as servants or soldiers • could buy back freedom

  18. ROLES • Men ran… • government • society • business • Women • ran families • could inherit wealth • own property • many places require Hijab • garments that cover their head and body • garment should not attract attention

  19. Islamic Culture and Science • Driving Force for Islamic expansion and creativity = Trade and commerce • Education and Literature • Arabic – common language • Science = astrolabe for sailing • Algebra, 0 – 9 = Arabic Numerals • Metal-working • Medicine = blood circulation, how diseases spread • Chemistry = identify diseases • Geography = round earth, cartography • Art = no use of Muhammad

  20. FAMOUS PEOPLE

  21. Mamun • Abbasid caliph • founded House of Wisdom, Baghdad • staffed with Christian, Jewish, & Muslim scholars • exchanged ideas • rewrote Greek, Persian, and Indian works in Arabic

  22. Al-Razi • Muslim chemist • wrote books for doctors to help them identify diseases • developed system of categorizing substances • animal • mineral • vegetable

  23. Ibn Sina • Persian doctor • showed how diseases spread from person to person

  24. Omar Khayyam • Persian Poet • wrote Rubaiyat

  25. Ibn Khaldun • Muslim historian • wrote that all civilizations rise, grow, and then fall • studied effects of geography and climate on people

  26. Shah Jahan • Tomb for wife • made of marble and precious stones • one of world’s most beautiful buildings

  27. TAJ MAHAL

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