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chapter 6

2. Outline. Blood: An OverviewFunction and Composition of BloodRed Blood Cells and Transport of OxygenWhite Blood Cells and Defense Against DiseasePlatelets and Blood ClottingBlood Typing and TransfusionsHomeostasis. 3. Difference between giving plasma (plasmaphoresis) and giving whole blood?.

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chapter 6

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    1. 1 Chapter 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood

    2. 2 Outline Blood: An Overview Function and Composition of Blood Red Blood Cells and Transport of Oxygen White Blood Cells and Defense Against Disease Platelets and Blood Clotting Blood Typing and Transfusions Homeostasis

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    4. 4 Functions of Blood Transport of oxygen, hormones, and waste. (Blood is the primary transport medium.) Defense against pathogens (disease, producer). (Blood defends the body against invasion by pathogens in several ways.) Regulation of body temperature / prevent blood loss (Blood has regulatory functions.)

    5. 5 Composition of Blood Blood is divided into two layers. Formed Elements. Red Blood Cells. White Blood Cells. Platelets. Plasma.

    6. 6 Plasma Water makes up about 92% of plasma, while the remaining 8% consists of various salts and organic molecules. Three major plasma proteins help to maintain homeostasis. Albumins (osmotic pressure). Globulins (defense). Fibrinogen (clotting).

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    10. 10 Red Blood Cells and Transport of Oxygen Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain hemoglobin that allows oxygen transport and have no nucleus. Aliases: Red cells, RBC, RC. All blood cells are formed from stem cells in the red bone marrow. Engulfed by macrophages (big, eater) in the liver and spleen after about 120 days. Releases hemoglobin. (Text figure) ~ 200 million / RBC! Insufficient number of red blood cells or hemoglobin leads to anemia. Hemolysis (blood, to burst) is rupturing of blood cells. Carbon monoxide (CO)? Anemia Pernicious, Fe, folic acid, Sickle-cell anemia (Sickle-cell disease).Anemia Pernicious, Fe, folic acid, Sickle-cell anemia (Sickle-cell disease).

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    15. 15 White Blood Cells and Defense Against Disease White Blood Cells (leukocytes) have a nucleus and lack hemoglobin. Aliases: white cell, WBC, WC. Fight infection and help maintain homeostasis. Derived from stem cells in red bone marrow: colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) SCID ? Leukemia ? Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) ? Found in blood, tissue fluid, and lymph.

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    17. 17 Types of White Blood Cells Granular Leukocytes. Neutrophils (phagocytosis eater, cell). Eosinophils. Basophils. Agranular Leukocytes. Monocytes ? macrophages (big eaters). Lymphocytes two types: B cells ? antibodies (Ab) T cells (T helper cell AIDS).

    18. 18 Platelets and Blood Clotting Platelets (thrombocytes) result from fragmentation of megakaryocytes. Platelets clump at the site of a puncture in the skin and usually seal the break. Hemophilia (blood, loving)? Kings disease, free bleeders. Thromo/cyto/penia, Thromboembolism ? Coagulation (clotting). At least twelve factors participate in the formulation of a blood clot. Most common is factor 8. Ca++ is critical to the process. Extrinsic and intrinsic processes. . . .

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    21. 21 Health Focus What to Know When Giving Blood

    22. 22 Blood Typing and Transfusions Video clip (#40). In the ABO system, the presence or absence of type A and type B antigens (Ag) on red blood cells determines a persons blood type. Within the plasma are antibodies to the antigens that are not present on the persons red blood cells.

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    27. 27 Rh Blood Groups Another important antigen is the Rh factor. Eighty-five percent of US population have Rh antigen on red blood cells and are Rh+. Rh- individuals (15%) normally do not have antibodies to the Rh factor, but may make them when exposed. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) may exist in newborns when mother is Rh- and father is Rh+. Also called Fetalis erythroblastosis.

    28. 28 Hemolytic Disease

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    33. 33 Hemolytic Disease

    34. HISTORICAL FOCUS 34

    35. 35 Homeostasis Homeostasis is possible only if the cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to, and takes metabolic wastes away from, the tissue fluid surrounding cells. Cardiovascular system must work with other systems to maintain homeostasis such as ????? Dont forget to review the Human Systems Work Together

    36. 36 Review Blood: An Overview Function and Composition of Blood Red Blood Cells and Transport of Oxygen White Blood Cells and Defense Against Disease Platelets and Blood Clotting Blood Typing and Transfusions Homeostasis

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    38. 38 Blood Typing

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