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HL7 Version 3 Data Types Overview

8/10/2003. Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care. 2. Purpose. Give overview of HL7 data typesEmpower you to read the specificationGive some rationale. 8/10/2003. Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care. 3. Semantics first

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HL7 Version 3 Data Types Overview

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    1. HL7 Version 3 Data Types Overview HL7 Spring Meeting, San Antonio, TX, May 4 2004 http://aurora.regenstrief.org/v3dt/tutorial.ppt

    2. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 2

    3. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 3 Semantics first … Data types are the fundamental constituents of all health care information. Share meaning across different technologies. Only value, no identity or state.

    4. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 4 … representation later Representations should preserve information content. e.g. real numbers have precision that can hide in the representation. but there is some latitude purpose is to fit data types into the ITS technology Existing representations (ITS) XML UML for use with OCL literal forms

    5. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 5 Basic types

    6. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 6 Collections set, list, bag interval Orthogonal 3 issues

    7. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 7 ANY Data Value has a data type can be missing (NULL) null “flavors”

    8. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 8 Null Flavors

    9. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 9 Boolean (BL) true or false … or NULL except if BN – Boolean non-NULL x AND true = x x OR false = x

    10. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 10 Character String (ST) “this is an example”

    11. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 11 Encapsulated Data (ED) “this is an example” a string (ST) is a restriction of ED

    12. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 12 Encapsulated Data Inline data binary data representation base64 ST is special case: representation text MIME media type describes what it is (like email attachments) By reference for bulky data (images) references are simply URLs integrity check hash values for safety

    13. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 13 Entity Names (EN) based on much international harmonization work (1999) modeled as “markup” of strings name is a string with certain name parts identified as given, family, prefix, etc. delimiters: comma, dash, space, etc. no newlines.

    14. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 14 Entity Names (EN) Example: “Habtemariam Kassa” which is given name, which is family name? if we know, we can say <given>Habtemariam</given> <family>Kassa</family> or <given>Kassa</given> <family>Habtemariam</family>

    15. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 15 Entity Names (EN) EN – entity name name parts: prefix, given, family, suffix name part qualifiers PN – person name mostly the same as EN ON – organization name much simplified EN with only suffix (for legal status, Inc. Ltd. GmbH. etc. TN – trivial name just a string, e.g., “Lake Michigan”

    16. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 16 Postal Address (AD) Like names, modeled as a “markup” of strings. Parts for street, city, postal code, etc. Addresses usually have multiple lines.

    17. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 17 Instance Identifier (II) Simple and guaranteed globally unambiguous. Mandatory root ISO OID: e.g. 2.16.840.1.113883.1122 DCE UUID (aka GUID) HL7 reserved unique identifiers (RID) Optional extension for alphanumeric identifiers

    18. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 18 Concept Descriptors (CD) Guaranteed unambiguous Mandatory codeSystem specified as OID or other UID Mandatory code specified as string (ST) optional displayName (ST) optional originalText (ED)

    19. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 19 Concept Descriptors (CD) optional translations to map codes between different codeSystems local code standard code optional qualifiers only allowed for codeSystems that define them, e.g. SNOMED, HCPCS

    20. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 20 Restrictions on Coded Types Concept Descriptor (CD) everything Coded with Equivalents (CE) no qualifiers but translations Coded Value (CV) only code, codeSystem no translations Coded Simple Value (CS) only code, FIXED codeSystem

    21. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 21 Quantities Integer (INT) Real (REAL) Physical Quantity (PQ) Monetary Amount (MO) Point in time (TS)

    22. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 22 Integer (INT) 1, -2, 3 … 10000000000000000000000000001 no limit on size Special NULL flavors positive infinity negative infinity

    23. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 23 Real 1, -2, 3, 1.1, 2.001, 3.1234e-5 1.000000000000000000000000001 precision! no limit on size or precision Special NULL flavors positive infinity negative infinity

    24. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 24 Physical Quantity (PQ) A real number with a coded unit REAL value, CS unit 1 m, 100 cm, 5 mL, 20 mg/dL 1 m = 100 cm 1 [in_in] = 2.54 cm

    25. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 25 Units of Measure Units defined in the Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) compatible to ISO2955 (“ISO+”) ANIS X3.50 customary units included but new symbols defined Semantics defined based on dimensional analysis 1 kJ = 1000 m2 s-2 g1 = <1000, [2,-2,1,0,0,0,0]>

    26. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 26 Constraints on PQ don’t constrain on specific unit e.g. don’t say “length unit must be centimeter (not meter, not inches) instead constrain on dimensionality e.g. say: length ~ 1 m “any unit comparable with meter” 1.00 m = 100 cm = 39.4 [in_i] e.g. say: pauseQuantity ~ 1 s “any unit comparable with second” 1 d = 24 h = 1440 min = 86400 s

    27. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 27 Alternative Unit Codes? UCUM is mandatory for PQ itself is most complete units vocabulary unambiguously defined Physical Quantity Representation (PQR) available to refer to other unit codes: like CV with a “value” attribute code, codeSystem, value

    28. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 28 Monetary Amount (MO) A real number with a currency code REAL value, CS currency 1 USD, 30 CZK, .9 EUR 1 USD = 27 CZK ??? no fixed conversion factors not the same as physical quantity

    29. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 29 Ratio (RTO) numerator : denominator each can be any quantity REAL, INT, PQ, MO usually mixed types use only if you want to avoid canceling don’t use just because you have a quotient 10 mL/min, 180 g/mol, are just PQ

    30. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 30 Point in Time (Timestamp, TS) usually expressed as calendar date and time e.g. YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.nnnn… related with elapsed time (PQ) as TS t2 – TS t2 = PQ ?t

    31. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 31 aka. “collections” SET unordered no multiples

    32. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 32 Continuous Sets Intervals (IVL) are sets too, e.g., the set of numbers between 0.5 and 1.75. also known as “ranges” properties: low, high e.g., IVL<TS> low - start time high - end time but also: width, center, … any property can be left unspecified

    33. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 33 Time and Timing Datatypes Elapsed time: 10 min, 30 s, etc. a Physical Quantity (like any other) Point in time: 19870605043210.001 Interval of time: 19870605..19870613 Periodic interval of time (PIVL) period = 7d, phase = [19870605;19870606[ Event related interval of time (EIVL): e.g., 1h AC, CC, HS Arbitrary Set of Time aka “GTS”

    34. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 34 Periodic Time Frequency f = 3/d, same as Period T = 8 h Phase ? (~ ?t) can address any point in period. If phase is a range, we get periodic time intervals.

    35. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 35 Arbitrary Sets of Time Composed by set-operations Example: Every other day from Monday to Friday 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM for six consecutive times.

    36. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 36 History sometimes need to add a “valid time” to a data element called History Item (HXIT) can collect a list of valid-time annotated values as a history i.e. a LIST<HXIT<T>> called a History (HIST)

    37. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 37 Uncertainty need to annotate a value with some sense of (un-)certainty discrete values (e.g. diagnosis) code annotated with probability number (percentage) (UVP) non parametric probability distribution (NPPD) i.e. list of alternative UVP values continuous values (e.g. PQ) Parametric Probability Distribution (PPD) expected value extended with standard-deviation

    38. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 38 Take Home Points A small set of principle data types Each may have a few variations and helpers Extensions and combinations High level data types relevant for health care data

    39. 8/10/2003 Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Regenstrief Institute for Health Care 39 thank you

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