Electric Charge: Properties

2. Electric Charge: Properties What is electric charge? • Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are three types of electric charges: positive, neutral, and negative. • Like charges repel, whilst unlike charges attract. • Positive and negative charges are said to be opposite because an object with an equal amount of positive and negative charge has no net charge.

3. Electric Charge: Properties Electric Charge is Conserved • Protons and neutrons are relatively fixed in the nucleus of an atom, but electrons are easily transferred from one atom to another. If an electron is transferred from one neutral atom to another the second atom gains a negative charge and the first atom loses a negative charge, thus becoming positive. • An ion is an atom that is positively or negatively charged. Charge has a natural tendency to transfer between unlike materials; therefore, rubbing two materials together enhances the charge-transfer process. • When charges are transferred from one material to another, the positive charge remaining on one object is equal to the negative charge exchanged; therefore, conserving electric charge. When an object is charged, its charge is always a multiple of a fundamental unit of charge, symbolized by the letter e. In other words, charge is said to be quantized.

4. Electric Charge: Transfer Availability of Electric Charge: Readiness to transfer electric charge from one, small region to an even distribution across the entire surface Electrical Conductors: A material in which charges can move freely Electrical Insulator: A material in which charges cannot move freely Semiconductors: Electrical properties somewhere between insulators and conductors Superconductors: Zero electrical resistance when at or below certain temperatures

5. BECAUSE: The two surfaces become oppositely charged and attract one another. BUTWHY?!? Electric Charge: Transfer Continued... Charging Contact: The balloon and hair become charged when they are rubbed together. Grounded: When a conductor is connected to Earth by means of a copper wire or copper pipe. Earth = Infinite Reservoir for Electrons (Unlimited Maximum Capacity) Induction: The process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another charged object and grounding the conductor, while the third object serves as either a source or a sink(absorbs) of electrons. (No Contact) Polarization: A shift in the center of charge , which results in more positive charge on one side of a molecule than on the other

6. WHATDOESTHISMEAN ??? Electric Force: Coulomb’s Law https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYjo774UpHI

7. Electric Field: Strength Electric field: The space around a charged object How does one find the strength of an electric field? The strength of the electric field, E, at the location of q0 is defined as the magnitude of the electric force acting on q0 divided by the charge of q0.

8. Electric Field: Lines Electric Field Lines: Lines pointing in the direction of the electric field. The number of field lines is proportional to the electric field strength in the region, and the electric field lines are drawn so that the electric field vector, E, is tangent to the lines at each point.

9. Electric Field: Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium When no net motion of charge is occurring within a conductor, the conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium. Properties of conductors in electrostatic equilibrium: 1.The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conductor. 2.Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on the conductor's outer surface. 3.The electric field just outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor's surface. 4. On an irregular shaped conductor, charge tends to accumulate where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest, that is, at sharp points. Firefly Pose

10. Highlights: Charge, Force, & Field Units You Need To Know Symbols

11. Things to know for the quiz! • Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. • Electrons are easily transferred from one atom to another, and if an electron is transferred from one neutral atom to another, the second atom gains a negative charge and the first atom loses a negative charge, thus becoming positive. • Electrical conductor charges can move freely but electrical insulator charges cannot. • The number of field lines is proportional to the electric field strength in the region, and the closer the lines, the stronger the electric field. • The symbol/unit for Coulomb's constant is k with a subscript of C. • Know at least two of the four properties of conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. • Be able to draw the electric field lines of a single charge, two equal & opposite charges, and two equal like charges. • Know & Understand the formula for Coulomb's law.

12. What is Electric Charge? • What are the effects, in regards to charge, on both of the atoms when an electron is transferred from one neutral atom to another? • What is the difference between electrical conductors and electrical insulators? • What is the effect of quantity of electric field lines on electric field strength? • What is the symbol/unit for Coulomb's constant? • List two of the four properties of conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. • Draw the electric field lines of one of the following: a single charge, two equal & opposite charges, or two equal like charges. • What is the formula for Coulomb’s law? Taking this into account, how does distance impact electric force? Quiz Time!!

13. EXTRA CREDIT All the answers to these riddles will be an individual in the classroom RN. • Who you gonna call? • Who is most likely to stray away from the path? 3. Who is third in the class and third in the name? 4. Who is the biggest fan of Jack-o-lanterns? 5. What yoga pose was Craig holding in the PowerPoint? 6. Who is Becky with the good hair?