Monitoring, Past, Present, Future.

1. “The mighty hand-held power meter.”Presenting the PowerSight family of power analyzers.Michael DaishVice President SalesSummit Technology Inc.

2. Monitoring, Past, Present, Future. • Introduction • Describe problem & define objectives • Choosing instrumentation, past & present • Summit’s range of hand-held analyzers • Data retrieval & analysis • Documentation & reports • Conclusions

3. Define Problem “I need to add more loads – will my panels and circuits support the new additions?” “We need to reduce energy consumption – I need to perform an energy audit to evaluate energy savings opportunities.” “This transformer is very hot – is it overloaded or are high harmonics the cause?” “My (machine) is operating erratically – is power quality the cause?” “When the HVAC (or motor or other equipment) turns on the breaker trips.” “I’m commissioning a UPS and need to verify it’s performance.” “My one-line diagram is out of date or missing, I need to recreate it.” “I need to measure system impedances for an Arc Flash study.”

4. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Flicker 0.2% Harmonics 10% Log V&I 34% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% Power Study Objectives • Log V & I • Power & Energy • Power Quality – sags/swells • Power Quality – high-speed transients • Harmonics • Frequency • Flicker

5. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Flicker 0.2% Harmonics 10% Log V&I 34% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% Choosing Right Instrument

6. Instrument Types – Past • History - 70’s • Voltage domain • Text output • Awareness of PQ (mainframe to mini)

7. Instrument Types - Past • 80’s • Voltage and current domains • Graphics output • Field service • Awareness of harmonics • Utility awareness

8. Instrument Types - Past • 90’s, black-box • Multi-functioning • Full-Disclosure • Disk storage • Ethernet • PC Analysis software • Report Writer

9. Instrument Types – Present • 21st Century = multiple vendors • Microelectronics progress = lower cost • More processing power • Lower cost memory = more storage • Variety of communications methods • Black-box, tablet, hand-held • PQ features added to permanently installed meters • Standards based or trouble-shooting

10. Instrument Types

11. Black-Box

12. Tablet

13. Hand-Held

14. Instrument Types – Present

15. To Display or Not Display • Unattended long-term monitoring and logging does not require a display For long monitoring periods no one is looking at the monitor Analysis done off line Use PC as display for analysis and reports Good security – small size, less conspicuous • Attended short-term monitoring sometimes requires oscilloscope display Witness conditions as they occur Forcing events, changing of waveforms Usually during commissioning and set-up of equipment Poor security – video game

16. Connecting Safely • Terminal blocks - danger! • Banana plugs – stacking is a hazard • CAT IV rating - highest level of transient overvoltage • Neutral conductor? • Verifying connections by experience • Indicator lights – go, no go • Display – phasors, rotation, polarity • Intelligence – checks all conditions • CT’s self-identify

17. Connection Check List Types of Errors that may be present One, two, or three voltages not connected One, two, or three currents not connected to source One, two, or three currents not connected to measuring system Two or three connections to the same voltage Two or three connections to the same current Voltages misidentified Currents misidentified One, two, or three current sensors backwards Two voltage connections switched Two current sensors switched All voltages rotated one position left All voltages rotated one position right All currents rotated one position left All currents rotated one position right One phase not present Two phases not present Three phases not present One phase offered as two or three phases One phase shorted to neutral or ground Two phases shorted to neutral or ground Neutral not connected to ground Non-standard voltage due to improper loading Non-standard voltage due to power system problem Non-standard frequency due to power system problem Non-standard phase shift between phases due to power system problem Combinations of the above listed errors

18. SureStart™ Foolproof surveys Algorithms check all voltage and current connections Advises connection errors Checks trigger levels

19. SafeConnect™ • Monitor power without exposure to high voltages • No need to wear special gloves, eye-protection, or flame-retardant clothing. • No need to power down. • No need to put up protective barriers or warnings. • Quick setup and teardown of monitoring sessions on live power. • No need to remove panels. • No need to deal with hooking up current probes in tight or inaccessible spaces. • Periodic maintenance measurements. • No switched phases, reversed probes, or dead channels. • Permanent connections means the data is right when you return 1 month later.

20. “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Power and Energy Analyzer • Power Quality and Harmonics • Motor Diagnostics PS250 PS3000 PS4000 PS4500

21. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Harmonics 10% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger

22. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Harmonics 10% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Power and Energy Analyzer

23. Frequency 5% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Harmonics 10% Sag/swell events 19% Power & Energy 25% “The Mighty Hand-Held” • Power Logger • Power and Energy Analyzer • Power Quality and Harmonics

24. Latest Enhancements to PowerSight • Bluetooth wireless communication to PC • Secure Digital Memory Card Slot removable memory - share data storage 256KB – 2 GB +

25. Log V and I

26. Log Tabular Data – Export to Excel • * Start Start Van Vbn Vcn Ia Ib Ic Wa Wb Wc VAa VAb VAc PFa PFb PFc Freq • * Date Time Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg • 7/18/2002 11:33:57 270.5 268.2 270.3 23.448 22.664 23.672 2835 2995 2980 6346.4 6080 6401.6 0.45 0.49 0.47 60 • 7/18/2002 11:33:58 270.7 268.2 270.1 24.656 23.128 24.32 3433 3222 3238 6675.2 6204 6566.4 0.51 0.52 0.49 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:33:59 270.3 268 270.5 24.688 22.904 24.232 3473 3050 3235 6668.8 6139.2 6553.6 0.52 0.5 0.49 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:00 270.7 268.1 270.7 24.504 23.064 24.032 3339 3139 3097 6630.4 6184 6505.6 0.5 0.51 0.48 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:01 270.5 268 269.9 24.28 22.96 23.832 3217 3115 2939 6566.4 6154.4 6433.6 0.49 0.51 0.46 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:02 270.4 268.1 269.9 24.456 23.112 24.024 3346 3173 3062 6611.2 6197.6 6486.4 0.51 0.51 0.47 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:03 270.8 267.9 270.5 24.544 23.248 24 3365 3226 3019 6649.6 6230.4 6492 0.51 0.52 0.47 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:34:04 270.4 268.4 270.7 24.776 23.36 24.136 3408 3178 3033 6700.8 6272 6536 0.51 0.51 0.46 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:05 270.7 268.6 270.8 24.624 23.032 24.2 3403 2996 3146 6668.8 6187.2 6553.6 0.51 0.48 0.48 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:06 270.4 268.2 269.9 24.56 22.904 24.184 3351 2987 3156 6643.2 6144 6529.6 0.5 0.49 0.48 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:34:07 269.6 267.5 269.9 24.352 22.856 24.136 3262 3087 3033 6566.4 6114.4 6514.4 0.5 0.5 0.47 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:08 270.3 267.3 269.9 24.112 22.544 23.656 3212 3007 2890 6518.4 6028 6385.6 0.49 0.5 0.45 60 • 7/18/2002 11:34:09 270.2 268.3 270.7 24.448 23.208 23.816 3277 3185 2900 6604.8 6228.8 6449.6 0.5 0.51 0.45 59.9 • 7/18/2002 11:34:10 271.1 268.5 271 24.416 23.4 23.992 3289 3256 3013 6617.6 6285.6 6503.2 0.5 0.52 0.46 60.1

27. Power and Energy

28. KWh

29. Spot Checks • LCD Meter display • Labeled buttons • Instant readings

30. Waveform Capture

31. Harmonics

32. Harmonics

33. RMS Events Sags/Swells

34. Waveform Sags/Swells

35. RMS Events Current Inrush

36. High-Speed Transients

37. Options – High-voltage probes • High voltage probes for 5KV or 15 KV

38. Options - High-Frequency Noise

39. Options - Motor Current Signature Analysis • Evaluate motors while running • Rotor/armature health • Stator mechanical/electrical health • Field coil faults • Bearing health • Eccentricity • Loose connection problems • Induction, synchronous, DC, wound rotor and induction with VFD type motors.

40. Data Retrieval Methods • Serial cable RS 232 • Ethernet via serial-to-Ethernet converter • USB via serial-to-USB converter • Wireless - Bluetooth • SD Memory card

41. Reports and Documentation

42. Conclusion • V & I data logging most common study • Energy analyzer addresses 60% of studies • Sags/swells are most common PQ problem • Harmonics and high speed transients less significant • Display need depends on attended/unattended operation • New breed of hand-held analyzers pack high performance • Unique options for high-voltage, noise, motor diagnostics • Report writer completes the job