PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. Present Perfect Continuous To emphasize that the action is incomplete. She has been writing a letter for two hours. She has written a letter. 2. To emphasize activity rather than completed action when talking about present result. I`ve been painting the ceiling. (I`m tired.) I`ve painted the ceiling. (It`s finished.) 3. To suggest a temporary situation when talking about unfinished past. I`ve been living year for ten years. I `ve lived here for ten years. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

2. Suggests Columbus is still alive. Past Simple: Columbus discovered America. • Needs a time reference: Man first walked on the moon in 1969. • Sounds as if the speaker is dead. Present Perfect: I`vetravelled/been travelling all my life. I`vebeen everywhere. • Seems as if this is a completed action but learning a language is not a process we complete. Present Perfect Continuous:I`vebeen learning English. • Suggests that this has been happening frequently, as if I`ve been losing my passport and finding it again many times recently. Present Perfect Simple: I`ve lost my passport.

3. What do you do in New York?permanently What are you doing in New York. temporarily • I know you don`t like my boyfriend. know/like are state verbs that cannot be used in continuous form. • I had a cup of tea at 8.00.acompleted past action I was having a cup of tea at 8.00.an action in progress at that moment in time • Someone`s eaten my sandwich. a complete action, the sandwich is gone. Someone`s been eating my sandwich. an incomplete action, the speaker is looking at a sandwich with a couple of big bites taken out of it.

4. ANSWERS • He`s been stung all over his body. • He`s visited royal palaces. • He`s been staying in cheap hostels. • I`ve been pickpocketed and mugged. • I`ve met a lot of really great people. • He`s been to Vietnam and Japan.

5. I`ve read that book. It`s good. the reading of the book is finished I`ve been reading a great book. I`ll lend it to you when I`ve finished.the reading of the book is not finished. I`ve been reading a lot about Orwell recently. I`ve just finished his biography.emphasizes repeated activities over a period of time. • She`s been writing since she was 16. the continuous emphasizes repeated activities over a period of time. She`s written three novels. Emphasizes the completed actions. • He`s played tennis since he was a kid. He`s been playing tennis since he was a kid. no difference really.

6. PAST SIMPLE When and where was he born? How long did it take to travel to China? How long did he stay in China? What did he take back to Venice? What was his book called? PRESENT PERFECT 6. How long has he been away from home? 7. Which places has he been to? 8. Where`s he beenstaying? 9. How many times has he had diarrhoea? 10. Has he beenpickpocketed? QUESTIONS

7. PRESENT PERFECThave/has + IIIpv/edhave/has +IIIpv/ed • `s been snowing • have...travelled • have lived; have been trying; haven`t managed • have been arguing • `ve eaten • have been running • has been crying; has failed • `ve been sunbathing

8. 2. `s (been) taking 3. arrived 4. didn`t enjoy 5. `re...staying `re going `s chosen `s called will be `ve done will make won`t be `m looking sounds `ve been training `ve prepared get `ll become TENSES

9. In Fukushima, Japan. Which school did she go to? How long has she been climbing? Since she was 10 years old. What did she study at university? English and American literature. How long has she been married? For 38 years. What did she do when she was 30? She started the first women`s climbing club in Japan. When did she climb Mount Everest? When she was 36. Who gave/awarded her a medal? The King of Nepal. How many mountains has she climbed? 113 Has she had an exciting life? Yes she has.

10. HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ IIIpv/-ed • The mail has already been delivered. • Have the street lights been repaired yet? • Some new anti-smoking laws have just been passed. • No new homes have been built for twenty years. • The plants haven`t been watered.

11. HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ IIIpv/-ed 2. A yachtsman has been rescued dramatically in the Pacific Ocean. 3. Valuable jewels have been stolen from Sotheby`s. • A missing boy has been found alive. • Euro MP`s have been given a huge pay rise. • Two hundred and sixty people have been killed in the monsoon in India. • An ancient tomb has been discovered in Egypt. • Two thousand people have been made redundant in a shock announcement by Ferrari.

12. (HAVE) something DONE(IIIpv/ed)midagi teha laskma kellelgi • 2. have her ears pierced 3. have my eyes tested 4. have had their car serviced 5. had our television repaired yet • Recently... He`s had the invitations printed. They`vehad the cake decorated Yesterday... They had the champagne delivered. He had his hair cut. Today.. She`shaving her hair done. They`rehaving the flowers delivered. Next week... They`ll have had the photos developed. She`llhave had her wedding dress dry-cleaned.

13. PHARASAL VERBS • made the big time - • have done without you • made off with it – you steal it and take it away with you • make up for • could do with • make of her • make ... in time