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The Marseillaise (1792) Let us go, children of the fatherland Our day of Glory has arrived.

The Marseillaise (1792) Let us go, children of the fatherland Our day of Glory has arrived. Against us stands tyranny, The bloody flag is raised, The bloody flag is raised. Do you hear in the countryside The roar of these savage soldiers They come right into our arms

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The Marseillaise (1792) Let us go, children of the fatherland Our day of Glory has arrived.

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  1. The Marseillaise (1792) Let us go, children of the fatherland Our day of Glory has arrived. Against us stands tyranny, The bloody flag is raised, The bloody flag is raised. Do you hear in the countryside The roar of these savage soldiers They come right into our arms To cut the throats of your sons, your country. To arms, citizens! Form up your battalions Let us march, Let us march! That their impure blood Should water our fields Sacred love of the fatherland Guide and support our vengeful arms. Liberty, beloved liberty, Fight with your defenders; Fight with your defenders. Under our flags, so that victory Will rush to your manly strains; That your dying enemies Should see your triumph and glory

  2. New calendar to replace Church calendar Control supply & prod. of vital war materiel Jacobins, supported by Sans Culottes,seize power (7/1793) Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Extreme measures to deal w/ mounting crisis of war, revolts, & econ. problems: Forced loans & control of labor, research, & press Enforced w/ever harsher reprisals & terror France cleared of its enemies No more need for reign of terror Jacobins fear reprisals from those victimized by the Terror Reign of Terror intensifies rather than letting up “Thermidorean Reaction” (7/1/1794) overthrows Jacobins More moderate govt., Directory, takes over (1795) Looser ruleCorruption & old problems resurface Wage & price controls to combat rampant inflation FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Unversal draft huge armies using new tactics (FC105D) Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power (1799) & establishes milit. dictatorship that tames the rev. in France but also spreads its ideas across Europe (FC.106)

  3. Mock funeral for the monarchy after its overthrow in September, 1792

  4. More nobles leave France as the Revolution turns more violent & radical

  5. New calendar to replace Church calendar Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Econ & domestic matters? FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  6. New calendar to replace Church calendar Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Violence & turmoil at home?

  7. New calendar to replace Church calendar Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  8. The September Massacres started when a crowd stopped six carriages carrying thirty non-juring priests to prison, hauled them all out and killed them on the spot. They then started pulling prisoners out of the jail and executing them after quick judgments that were supposed to resemble trials. From September 2nd to 6th, between 1247 & 1368 prisoners were killed this way.

  9. This was certainly a brutal event, but it needs to put into context. Despite the Duke of Brunswick’s warning that the French would pay dearly for harming the king, they had done just that by storming his palace and locking him up. One can imagine the growing fear as the French army went down in defeat and disintegrated while enemy forces were closing in on Paris. Besides the enemies without, there were also potential enemies within, namely nobles and clergy who opposed the revolution. Thus it was fear, more than brutish human nature, which drove the violence.

  10. To be sure, there were atrocities, such as that told of one executioner who, after withdrawing his sword from a prisoner's chest, reached into the wound, tore out the heart, and put it in his mouth as if to eat it while the crowd cheered him on. Similar scenes reportedly took place during the Cultural Revolution in China in the 1960s.

  11. However, the violence was not totally indiscriminate. The mob did focus on clergy and nobles who were seen as likely collaborators with the enemy. Therefore, the debtors’ prison was left alone. There were even trials, of a sort, and some people were even acquitted.

  12. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems How do French armies do? FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  13. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  14. On September 20, 1792, the French won their first battle of the war at Valmy against an overconfident Prussian army that was also ill from eating too many grapes. Inspired by this rather lackluster victory, French armies overran Savoy, Nice, the Austrian Netherlands, and Holland, declaring a revolutionary struggle to liberate all people from the tyranny of kings. Naturally, this alarmed kings across Europe and united them in the First Coalition to stop the French radicals. What had been a somewhat half-hearted fight of France against Austria and Prussia, now escalated into total war against practically all of Europe.

  15. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) The king?

  16. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Louis defending himself during his trial

  17. Louis’ trial and execution Unfortunately for Louis, his enemies found incriminating correspondence with Austria, leading to his conviction by a vote of 693 to 0. The vote condemning him to death was much closer, with 361 voting for immediate execution, 288 for another sort of punishment, such as prison or exile, and 72 for death, but with a number of reservations or conditions that might delay his fate.

  18. On January 21, 1793 Louis was executed and France turned its back on 1200 years of history & a political order that many still believed was divinely ordained. As one person put it: "On that day, everyone walked slowly, and we hardly dared look at one another."

  19. Marie Antoinette met her fate nine months later, almost as an afterthought, since events had passed her by. Her trial was a grueling 16-hour affair with the foregone conclusion of guilt assumed by all. She was mainly charged with conspiring with foreign powers (which she did), but also with committing incest with her 8-year old son (which is less likely). Left: David’s portrait of Marie Antoinette during her trial. Keep in mind that David supported the revolution and was probably not inclined to do a flattering portrait of the queen.

  20. Getting on the cart that would take her to the guillotine, she remarked how shabby it was, apparently having learned nothing about choosing vehicles since the Varennes episode. Before burying her, the gravediggers took a lunch break, giving Madame Tussaud a chance to do a wax sculpture of her head for her famous wax museum.

  21. The young royal prince, Louis, met an even crueler fate, being beaten to death by his jail-keeper, Simon the Cobbler

  22. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) New time-keeping system?

  23. Metric calendar w/10 hr days & • minutes & seconds in multiples of 10 • -> Decimal clock in Convention New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  24. A close shave Sometimes, it’s the little irritations in life that especially touch us off, such as a scratchy beard. Traditionally, peasants would shave on Sunday, their one free day of the week. However, with the new 10-day decades (i.e., weeks) they only shaved once every 10 days, giving their beards three more days to grow to that scratchy, irritating phase, a constant reminder of another reason to hate the revolution.

  25. Revolutionary playing cards representing revolutionary virtues instead of the hated royalty. People started naming their children after Greek and Roman heroes. The more radical revolutionaries named boys Squitch, Duck, & Dandelion in honor of the peasantry. Girls were named Cow, Carrot, & Rhubarb There was even serious discussion of legislating the informal use of tu in conversation instead of the formal vous typically associated with the upper classes.

  26. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies Externally? FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  27. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) In the flush of victory after Valmy, France declared war on Britain, Spain, & Holland

  28. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies Internal opposition? FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  29. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Henri De La Rochejaquelein, leader of the Revolt in the Vendee, where the most serious revolts against the revolutionary govt. took place Vendee

  30. While it was claimed over 60/83 departments were in rebellion against the central government, only 8 had serious revolts. However, those areas included three of France’s largest cities after Paris: Lyons, Marseilles, and Bordeaux.

  31. Vendean rebels (“Whites”) defending a positionagainst government troops (“Blues”).

  32. New calendar to replace Church calendar Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies Jacobins, supported by Sans Culottes,seize power (7/1793) FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B)

  33. Left: Jacobins and their supporters surround the Convention center to overthrow the Girondins (6/2/1793). Below: Girondin leaders being carted off to execution after their fall from power

  34. New calendar to replace Church calendar Control supply & prod. of vital war materiel 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies Extreme measures to deal w/ mounting crisis of war, revolts, & econ. problems: Forced loans & control of labor, research, & press Wage & price controls to combat rampant inflation Enforced w/ever harsher reprisals & terror Jacobins, supported by Sans Culottes,seize power (7/1793) FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Unversal draft huge armies using new tactics (FC105D)

  35. New calendar to replace Church calendar 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Jacobins, supported by Sans Culottes,seize power (7/1793) Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: Control supply & prod. of vital war materiel Extreme measures to deal w/ mounting crisis of war, revolts, & econ. problems: Forced loans & control of labor, research, & press Wage & price controls to combat rampant inflation Enforced w/ever harsher reprisals & terror Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Military effort? Unversal draft huge armies using new tactics (FC105D)

  36. New calendar to replace Church calendar Control supply & prod. of vital war materiel 1st Coalition of Br, Holland, Austria, Prussia & Spain Fr. armies “liberate” Holland & Switz. & spread the Rev. Louis XVI tried & executed (1/21/1793) “September Massacres” of 1500 alleged polit. prisoners w/o trials Rev. govt. faced w/growing opposition: Continuing turmoil & econ. problems Provincial revolts vs. Rev’s radical, esp. relig., policies Extreme measures to deal w/ mounting crisis of war, revolts, & econ. problems: Forced loans & control of labor, research, & press Wage & price controls to combat rampant inflation Enforced w/ever harsher reprisals & terror Jacobins, supported by Sans Culottes,seize power (7/1793) FC.105C TERROR & REACTION: THE REVOLUTION FROM 1792-99 Abolition of the monarchy & formation of 1st Fr. Republic (1792-99) (FC.105B) Unversal draft huge armies using new tactics (FC105D)

  37. FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  38. Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies Measures to face overwhelming numbers of enemy forces? FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  39. Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105) Problems w/such big armies?

  40. Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people New idea? FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  41. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Impact on soldiers? FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  42. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France The revolution also frees men to do what? FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  43. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Who comes up with these new ideas & tactics? The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  44. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left Use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Let French soldiers forage for food, since their nationalist loyalty will keep most of them from deserting FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105) Supplying large Fr. Armies?

  45. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left Use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Let French soldiers forage for food, since their nationalist loyalty will keep most of them from deserting French armies are more mobile since they are not tied down by cumbersome supply lines FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105) Impact on mobility?

  46. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left Use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Let French soldiers forage for food, since their nationalist loyalty will keep most of them from deserting French armies are more mobile since they are not tied down by cumbersome supply lines New tactics, such as massed artillery fire & attacking in column Tight discipline less needed than before FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105) New tactics?

  47. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left Use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Let French soldiers forage for food, since their nationalist loyalty will keep most of them from deserting French armies are more mobile since they are not tied down by cumbersome supply lines New tactics, such as massed artillery fire & attacking in column Tight discipline less needed than before FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  48. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left Use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Let French soldiers forage for food, since their nationalist loyalty will keep most of them from deserting French armies are more mobile since they are not tied down by cumbersome supply lines New tactics, such as massed artillery fire & attacking in column Tight discipline less needed than before French armies can breath through thin enemy lines still using pre-revolutionary linear tactics Impact? FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

  49. Frees men to create powerful new symbols & ideas, such as nationalism, to unite the French people More loyalty & enthusiasm from the soldiers who feel they are defending their own nation Forces the revolution to draft large numbers of men to fill ranks & face revolts & France’s numerous enemies The revolution frees men to think & act in new ways & create innovative solutions to military problems facing France Fr. Officers, who have risen through ranks when nobles left Use tactics pioneered before the revolution Harder to train & supply than smaller more disciplined armies of major European powers Let French soldiers forage for food, since their nationalist loyalty will keep most of them from deserting French armies are more mobile since they are not tied down by cumbersome supply lines New tactics, such as massed artillery fire & attacking in column Tight discipline less needed than before French armies can break through thin enemy lines still using pre-revolutionary linear tactics FC. 105D THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S IMPACT ON MILITARY TACTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE French Revolution Turmoil & crisis Revolts & invasions (FC.105)

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