1 / 40

Taking Pride in What India has done………

Taking Pride in What India has done………. Fuel Quality Improvement Lead phase out Benzene reduction S reduction 2T oil elimination Conversion of 2 stroke to 4 stroke vehicles (strictest emission norms for 2 wheeler in India) Industrial clean tech efforts and clean fuel shift

bennettk
Download Presentation

Taking Pride in What India has done………

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Taking Pride in What India has done……… • Fuel Quality Improvement • Lead phase out • Benzene reduction • S reduction • 2T oil elimination • Conversion of 2 stroke to 4 stroke vehicles (strictest emission norms for 2 wheeler in India) • Industrial clean tech efforts and clean fuel shift • Technology Improvement • Vehicle technology BS 0 to BS IV and now VI • Cooking Fuel change • Diesel Genset became cleaner • Power plants becoming cleaner • ……………. • There are many………………….. • But we need to do more !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  2. Non-Polluting Fireworks –CSIR Initiatives Dr. Rakesh Kumar Director, CSIR NEERI MOEFCC WED Meet; June 6, 2019; Delhi

  3. Why Reduced Emission Crackers ? • Short term health impacts • Discomfort • Breathing, • Upper respiratory • Long term • Asthma • Aggravation of Asthma • Other toxic (acute effects) • PM10 & PM2.5 (Metals, acids, etc.) • Neurological, hematological, carcinogenic effects • Respiratory problems • SO2 & NO2 • Cardiovascular diseases • Developmental problems (premature births, etc.) • O3 • Respiratory problems (asthma, bronchitis, etc.) • CPCB Committee on Health Impacts due to Fire Crackers • Initial estimates • Facts and assessments carried out

  4. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Delhi Pre and Post Diwali CPCB report ,2017 , NEERI participates for health impact studies....

  5. Rising Trend of Elements Post Diwali.. CPCB report ,2017 , NEERI participates for health impact studies....

  6. Rising Trend of Elements Post Diwali.. CPCB report ,2017

  7. Outline of Steps……….. • Background and Need • Individual, Community, Regulated • Goals of Reduction • Safer [ composition, alternates ] • Visuals, sound • Alternatives • Current • Proposed • Impacts and Regulations

  8. Fireworks and Firecrackers ….. • The pyrotechnic or Fireworks : First discovered in China approximately 2000 years ago. • Paper or bamboo tubes filled with fine charcoal powder and sulphur for the Firework formulation. • Combustion occurs when the flame from the firework's fuse comes into contact with black powder, causing potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulphur to combine. • The combustion is highly exothermic. • In most fireworks the heat and gas are forced out of the bottom of the firework shell, propelling the firework up into the sky. • Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.

  9. Background and Need • Issues and Challenges • Chemical footprint • Carbon footprint • Toxic and hazardous Waste • Noise • What are we targeting ? • Reduced chemical and carbon footprint • Improved health and quality of life • Wider quality of audience (personal ,family and community level) • What are current practices for non-polluting fireworks ? • Safer compositions • Non-chemical firework alternatives Solution: Innovative engineering designs ,new chemicals and biomolecules

  10. Fireworks and its Composition

  11. Composition of Fireworks/ Firecrackers http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/11/04/sparklers/

  12. Non –Polluting Fireworks initiatives....... State of art • Existing alternatives to safer and/or non-polluting fireworksbased on in-depth patent, scientific literature and product search : • Safer composition • Reduced smoke • Air/Gas based explosive • Natural materials • Recycled/biodegradable materials • Safer colorants and • Electronic devices

  13. The Distribution of the Patents

  14. R&D Efforts for Safer Composition....... Safer Composition Compounds

  15. Natural Materials for Firework Composition • Few of the inventions focused on incorporating natural materials as a substitute for the firework structure, fuel, fragrance or colour. For example wood powder, paper, cotton fibres, tree, plant extract, leaves, and flowers were the commonly used Natural materials. • Around 6 patents revealed the use of bamboo as a fuel in the fireworks. • Included under this category are materials which can be recycled/ reused or biodegradable and disclosed to be used as a component in the firecracker backbone structure.

  16. Alternatives to Conventional Fireworks • The non-chemical firework alternatives included LED based simulation, photo based, paper and ribbon based and integrated circuit based simulation works and are depicted in figure

  17. Protect job & business in the existing value chains E.g. Replace Suphur with Fe for pyrotechnicques Air Pollution Particulate SO2,/NO2/.... Heavy metals Substitute /Reduce Pollution causing chemicals Noise Pollution • Create New Systems • To minimize pollution • chemicals • Electric • Chemical hybrid • Combustion • Nano photonics based • displays • H2/H2O2 combustion • Plasmonic crackers • Fireworks and • Fire cracker Create new virtual displays • Photochronism • Electrochronism • Thermochronism • Dynamic plasmonic Color displays Water Pollution .Perchlorates .Trace metals Soil Pollution -Particulate -Heavy metals () • Fireworks and • Fire cracker CSIR INITIATIVES….

  18. CSIR’s Reduced Emission Crackers • Fireworks are of growing environmental concerns and have thus given the impetus to develop new, environmental friendly fireworks and firecrackers...... • Firecrackers industry : Not only source/reason of declining air quality, religious connotation and Indian tradition, flourishing economy and employing more than 5.0 lakhs • In line with the suggestion of Dr. Harshwardhan, Former Minister of S&T and vice president CSIR, the networking labs of CSIR including NEERI, CEERI, IITR , IICT, NCL, CECRI,NBRI, URDIP & CMERI are developing globally competitive, cutting edge technologies for fireworks Fireworks and fire displays are probably the application of chemistry which resonates best with the general public. • Matching performance in light and sound • Reduced Emissions ( PM,SO2 and NOx) • Cost effective • Ready availability • Safety, affordability and practicability

  19. Green Crackers : Reduced Emission Crackers Green crackers : A class of crackers having new and improved formulations (substitution and reduction of conventional chemicals )with consequent lesser emissions with specific reference to particulate matter , metals , CO, SO2 and NO2 ( a minimum of 25-30% reduction singly or for all) as compared to its conventional as of today Improved crackers : A class of crackers made with improved process or raw materials of uniform prescribed quality CSIR developing REF with contribution from industry and fireworks manufacturers …….

  20. The twelve principles of green chemistry Prevention: Preventing waste generation is better than treating or cleaning up waste after it is created. Atom economy: Synthetic methods should try to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. Less hazardous chemical syntheses. Synthetic methods should avoid using or generating substances toxic to humans and/or the environment. Designing safer chemicals. Chemical products should be designed to achieve their desired function while being as non-toxic as possible. Safer solvents and auxiliaries. Auxiliary substances should be avoided wherever possible, and as non-hazardous as possible when they must be used. Design for energy efficiency. Energy requirements should be minimized, and processes should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure whenever possible.

  21. The twelve principles of green chemistry Use of renewable feedstocks. Whenever it is practical to do so, renewable feedstocks or raw materials are preferable to non-renewable ones. Reduce derivatives. Unnecessary generation of derivatives—such as the use of protecting groups—should be minimized or avoided if possible; such steps require additional reagents and may generate additional waste. Catalysis.Catalytic reagents that can be used in small quantities to repeat a reaction are superior to stoichiometric reagents (ones that are consumed in a reaction). Design for degradation. Chemical products should be designed so that they do not pollute the environment; when their function is complete, they should break down into non-harmful products. Real-time analysis for pollution prevention. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to permit real-time, in-process monitoring and control before hazardous substances form. Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention. Whenever possible, the substances in a process, and the forms of those substances, should be chosen to minimize risks such as explosions, fires, and accidental releases.

  22. Approaches for Reduced Emission Crackers • We are open to suggestions and formulations for green crackers from FW manufacturers and PESO • Iron filings provided by FW manufacturer for flower pots …. 1.In-built pre-treated cracker • New Suppressants (New molecule) 2.Improved Crackers • Process modification (eliminate usage of ash) • Usage of chemicals of appropriate assays ( raw material of prescribed consistent quality) 3.Reduced emission crackers : Green crackers • Reduced material usage ( reduced usage of flash powder or gun powder) • In-situ control (sorption of pollutants in crackers -HPA) • Ex-situ control ( release of alkaline metal oxides , oxygen, negative ion generators, water) • New and improved formulations ( improved FP & GP, new oxidants ,fuels…...) 4.Inbuilt post-treated Green crackers • Coating with materials to trap pollutants • In built water trap No compromise with performance efficiency ……..

  23. What are we doing ? Networking Labs of CSIR including NEERI, CEERI, IITR , IICT, NCL, CECRI,NBRI, URDIP & CMERI • Emission testing facility –set up at CSIR-NEERI • RawmaterialcharacterizationFacility proposed at Sivakasi • Reduced emission crackers –CSIR-CMERI, CECRI, NEERI, NBRI • Variants : SWAS,STAR and SAFAL • Flower pots-Ba and PVC substitution and PM reduction- NEERI • Flower pots-Flower pots with Al substitution –CECRI • In-built control systems • 4. E-Ladi–CSIR-CEERI

  24. Emission Testing Facility • Quantification of emissions from conventional and green crackers • Suggestion of appropriate remedial measures

  25. Analysers ……. SO2 and NO2 analyser LVS for PM sampling GRIMMS for PM Sound meter

  26. Characterization of Raw-materials of Firecrackers • To establish a relationship between emissions and purity of raw materials of various fire crackers • To establish and strengthen facilities for sampling and extensive physical and chemical characterizations of raw material samples being used by fireworks manufacturers Raw materials: Conventional- and Green- Fire crackers Emissions: Particulate Matter

  27. Characterization of Raw-materials of Firecrackers and their Emissions Characterization Particle size Distribution Chemical Composition Phase Analysis Morphology Chemical State X-ray Diffraction SEM ICP-MS Particle Size Analyzer XRD XPS TEM ICP-OES SEM TEM XRF ICP-MS Zeta potential & Particle Size Analyzer Scanning Electron Microscope

  28. Improved Crackers :Bijli type Compositions

  29. Composition of Bijli • 40 grams of ash used for 1 ring (620 shells) • Almost 65 mg of ash and 250 mg of flash powder is used in 1 bijii • Conservatively 20% PM reduction is technically feasible

  30. Problem & Solution • Ash purpose: • To avoid transfer of moisture from bottom sand to flash powder • To reduce flash powder to gain economic advantage Solution suggested: Addition of heavy china sand/dried clay Increase the bottom clay to pack closer Increasing drying time

  31. Performance Testing - Successful • 10-15 bijli crackers were dried for almost double the typical drying time and tested • Successful qualitative Performance testing (31st July) • Sound • Visible emissions • A complete batch of bijli crackers were manufactured in one of the industry (August, 2018)

  32. Ash Usage in Industry • 1 truck of ash from tractors lasts for 1-2 months per factory • 1000 factories in Sivakashi, TN, India

  33. Criteria for Selection of Material and Molecule • Safety, affordability , ready availability and practicability • Non-toxicity • Pollution neutral • Potential for generating exothermic heat –sorption/reaction • Potential for enhancing exothermic heat –sorption/reaction • Potential for absorbing pollutants • Potential for aggregation (dust suppressant) • Potential for water generation • Diluents for gases Substitution and reduction of usage of conventional chemicals…………………………..

  34. Particulate Matter and Reduced Emission Crackers

  35. Emission Data of SWAS…..

  36. Particulate Matter and Reduced emission Crackers

  37. Way Forward… • Documents submitted to PESO by CSIR-NEERI on improved and new formulations • 150 industries have signed NDA for the “IMPROVED” and “NEW” and trial production undertaken • PESO in the process pf approving these • New and improved formulations developments in progress to target 40-50% reduction in emission • Emission testing in common platform at CSIR-NEERI for all crackers • Raw material characterization facility to be launched ….

  38. Acknowledgements ….. • Honorable Minister of S&T and vice president CSIR • Director General of CSIR and all Directors/scientists working for this sector • Fireworks Manufacturers from Sivakasi • PESO • Other ancillary industries • National Academy of Petroleum and Explosives Safety & Testing Station (NAPES & TS) CSIR does not claim to have more knowledge than Fireworks manufacturer , we respect their traditional knowledge and expertise…. CSIR labs are putting their efforts with their knowledge of chemistry and materials and expertise in emission and sound monitoring to develop reduced emission crackers

  39. Thank You

More Related