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Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia

Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia. C elal Tuncer Professor of Entomology Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Entomology, Samsun, Turkey. Aim of Study. 1.

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Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia

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  1. Creating a Database to Track the Movements of the Four Primary Hazelnut Pests in Georgia CelalTuncer Professor of EntomologyOndokuzMayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Entomology, Samsun, Turkey

  2. Aim of Study 1 Determining of abundance of 4 main hazelnut pests in hazelnut growing area of Georgia (making distribution maps) • Selected pests: • Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) • Nut weevil (Curculio nucum), • Big bud mites (Phytocoptella avellana) • Long horn beetle (Obera linearis) Fall webworm control methods in demonstration orchards 2

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  4. One international entomologist, one NEO expert and 4 Georgian entomologist, worked in the study

  5. No. of visited orchards in this study. N= 796, 33 km roadside for FWW

  6. Study Timeline Project field period May 30 – October1 Fall webworm Jun 10 – Oct 10 Big bud mites Jun 15 - Sep 1 Long horn beetle Jun10 – Aug 15 Nut weevil Evaluation Aug 1 - Sep 15 Sept20 – Nov 30 Today Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct 2013 2013 Nov. 6-7 Expert-Check Expert-Check Presentation

  7. METHODS • FALL WEBWORM • Fall webworm adult flights were monitored by light trap in each region. • Fall webworm larval colonies were counted on 10 hazelnut ocak/orchard. Larval colonies were evaluated togather for 2 generation. • Fall webworm colonies on the trees of main road sides were counted visually for each generation while traveling by car, for 1 km distance and with 20 km/hour car speed, • Visited towns for orchards: Ajara=5, Samegrelo=6, Guria-Imereti=5 and Gali=3

  8. Worldwide Distribution of Fall Webworm

  9. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury, Lep.:Arctiidae) Adult and eggs Larvae in spring Damage Larvae in autumn

  10. FALL WEBWORM: IDENTIFICATION Adult :Adult moths have a wingspan of between 30–40 mm. Forewings of male are white or have black spots arranged in a number of rows; usually black spotted in spring and pale white during summer. Male from overwintered pupae Summer male

  11. Sexing Fall webworm Left: Male ; Right: Female For sexing: Use antenna, male: pectinate (comb-like ) ; female: filiform (like thread) type

  12. Eggs:The egg mass of Hyphantria cunea is almost green in color. Eggs are laid as cluster. The egg batch contains 400-2500 eggs depending on food plants. The eggs are usually deposited on the undersides of leaves. The egg mass is lightly covered with scales from the female’s abdomen.

  13. Fall webworm damage

  14. Fall webworm damage Damage in early larval stages on Platanus sp. Damage in late larval stages on Hazelnut

  15. Fall webworm damage

  16. Larvae: Brownish-grey, can reach up to 40 mm when fully developed, and has 12 small warts surmounted by characteristic tufts of hair. Usually a dark stripe is evident along the back with a yellow stripe on either side.

  17. Pupae Pupaearedarkbrown. 10-15 mm in length. Pupa bears 12 characteristic appendages at the posterior end.Femalepupae is biggerandheavierthanmalepupae.

  18. Host Plants and Damage of Fall Webworm

  19. Life cycle of Fall webworm

  20. Visual monitoring: Counting larval nests on road-sides Light trap for FWW adult monitoring

  21. METHODS • FALL WEBWORM CONTROL • Two seminars and one excursion field activity were carried out in Samegrelo and Gali • 83 demonstration orchards were selected in Samegrelo and Gali regions • Different control methods of Fall webworm were introduced including mechanical, biological and chemical • Some tools were distributed to farmers: pruning scissors for mechanical control, light traps for adult flight, climate data loggers, and sprayers for chemical and biological control • Some pesticides including biological and chemical were provided • Application of different methods for fall webworm were trained 22

  22. Equipments

  23. Seminars and field excursions

  24. Laboratory and field activities

  25. Method • NUT WEEVIL • Damage ratios were determined on harvested crop of hazelnut by examining 500 nuts from each orchard. • Adults were monitored by beating sheet method.

  26. Hazelnutweevil: keypest of hazelnut Egg Larvae surveyed surveyed Female Damaged nuts

  27. Beating sheet method for nut weevil

  28. Method • BIG BUD MITES • Damaged bud numbers were counted visually in orchards, on 10 hazelnut ocak/orchard.

  29. Hazelnut mites: (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. ; Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal. Acarina:Eriophydae) Mites in buds Destroyed bud İnfected bud Normal bud Last form of bud,rose shape

  30. Method • LONG HORN BEETLE • Number of damage shoots were counted visually in orchards, on 10 hazelnut ocak/orchard.

  31. Hazelnut long horned beetle (Obera linearis) (Col.:Cerambycidae) Adult Damage Egg wound

  32. RESULTS…

  33. Adult flight of Fall webworm, 2013, Batumi, Georgia.

  34. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013

  35. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in hazelnutorchards, Ajara, Samegrelo, Guria and Gali, 2013 Samegrelo Ajara Guria-Imereti Gali 37

  36. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013

  37. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013

  38. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013

  39. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in hazelnut orchards, 2013

  40. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013 42

  41. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013 Guria-Imereti Ajara Samegrelo Gali 43

  42. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

  43. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

  44. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

  45. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) distribution in road sides, no. of larval colony/1 km road side, 2013

  46. Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) damage ratios in at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013 48

  47. Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) damage ratios in at harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013

  48. Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) damage ratios in harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013

  49. Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) damage ratios in harvested hazelnut , Damage ratio (%) , n=500 nuts, 2013

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