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Images of the ‘Savage’

Images of the ‘Savage’. American Museum (AMNH), 1921. state of savagery (nature), AD 1500. AMNH, 1993. Neanderthals. Nearly complete skeleton in shallow grave at la Chapelle aux Saints (found 1908) became generalized description:

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Images of the ‘Savage’

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  1. Images of the ‘Savage’ American Museum (AMNH), 1921 state of savagery (nature), AD 1500 AMNH, 1993

  2. Neanderthals • Nearly complete skeleton in shallow grave at la Chapelle aux Saints (found 1908) became generalized description: • Misshapen individual: acutely curved spine from osteoarthritis, thus being bent-over or hunched; old and highly degenerated • Hardly representative of greater (i.e., younger and healthier) population

  3. Brutish Neanderthals

  4. Re-Constructing a Neanderthal

  5. Levallois Technique By late Mousterian a variety of fairly finely worked stone tools were being used by Neanderthal populations

  6. Distribution of Mousterian technology in Eurasia

  7. OLDOWAN, to 2.4m ACHEULEAN, to 1.5m MOUSTERIAN, 200-40k UPPER PALEOLITHIC, 90(africa)/40-12k

  8. Ceremonialism • Evidence from burials shows that Neanderthals accommodated the sick and injured in life. Some living individuals were in very bad physical condition requiring care by others: La Chapelle; evidence of blind and maimed individual • Treated the dead with honor and ritual; Grave goods? Artist’s impression of Shanidar Cave, Iraq Neanderthal flute? (50k)

  9. Neanderthal

  10. Late Pleistocene Greece

  11. 400 k - now 500-35 k 600-400k 800k 1 m – 50k H. sapiens 1.8 m – 600 k H. floresiensis, or “the Hobbit”

  12. Neanderthals in southern Spain to 31-28 K

  13. Lagar Velho, Portugal (1998); 25k, 4 year old, Homo sapiens/Homo neandertalensis transition?

  14. DNA Supports suggestion of Neanderthal as separate species

  15. 20 40 70 120

  16. 06/12/03 Herto, Ethiopia (160k) (transitional modern H. sapiens) Middle Stone Age: 250-125 k

  17. Cranial Features of Anatomically Modern Humans • Cranial capacity: 1350 cc • Vertical frontal bone (forehead) • High, parallel walled cranial vault • Rounded occiptal region (lacking occiptal torus) • Non-continuous brow ridge • Flat, non-projecting face • chin

  18. Middle Stone Age, Southern Africa(Anatomically modern H. sapiens) Blombos Howieson’s Poort Border cave Klasies River Mouth

  19. Blombos Cave, South Africa, 75k Shell ornaments Incised ocher, bone tools, stone projectile points

  20. MSA: Bone technology • Bone points from MSA deposits at Blombos Cave (a), Peers Cave (b), Sibudu Cave (c) and Klasies River (d); • Later Stone Age layers at Rose Cottage Cave (e) and Jubilee Shelter (f), and an Iron Age occupation at Mapungubwe (g) MSA LSA Iron Age Katanda, Democratic Republic of Congo (110-80 k)

  21. Kung arrow points, 20th century Middle Stone Age: Broad spectrum diet, including terrestrial and marine mammals, fish, shell-fish, and reptiles Clear evidence of hearths Blade technology and projectile points Art and ritual objects

  22. Post-100,000 Behavior(H. sapiens) • Increased diversity and standardization in material culture • More rapid change in artifacts • Organic material culture • Jewelry and carvings • Figurative and non-figurative art • Clear organization of space (dwellings and elaborate hearths) • Long-distance transport of lithic raw materials • Broad-spectrum economies • Storage • Large mammal hunting • Occupation of more difficult environments • Growth in population density

  23. EUROPEAN UPPER PALEOLITHIC Burial discovered by workmen in 1868 at Cro-Magnon (30K), in the village of Les Eyzies in France. Broad Spectrum Economy More Settled Life & Larger Communities Religion Complex Tools Cold Weather Clothing Shelter Art Aurignacian (40-29 K) Gravettian (29-21 K) Solutrian (21-19 K) Magdalenian (19-12K)

  24. Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition (55-35k) • Aurignacian (after 40K) • Aurignac Rockshelter, Pyrenees, France

  25. Sunghir, Aurignacian, near Moscow, 30k

  26. Elephant Hunters? Siberia, 10k Mezir, Ukraine, 30-25K BP

  27. Early Dwellings Grotte du Lazaret (France), 186-127 K Terra Amata (France), 200-400 K

  28. Reconstruction at Upper Paleolithic Site in Dordogne region, France Magdalenian Structure

  29. Dolní Věstonice, Czech Republic (27-23 K)

  30. Dolní Věstonice

  31. Art and Clothes (Perishables)

  32. ROCK ART

  33. Art and personal adornment probably quite old, but blossoms in the Upper Paleolithic Art shows much about society: Shamanism and Ritual (fertility) Territory Group Identity and Solidarity Artistry

  34. 16,000 13,000 15,000

  35. Deep skull, 40k Niah cave, Sarawak

  36. Lake Mungo (40k+) Burial with red ocher Boats from south-east Asia to Australia, 100km at its shortest point back then (can’t see from coast to coast)

  37. Clovis and Big-Game Hunting(13-12 K) Mega-fauna extinction: over-kill or post-LGM climate change

  38. Meadowcroft, PA • Strata IIA: C14 dates between 16,200 and 13,200 BP from undoubted cultural origin; (to 21,000 BP years from uncertain origin)

  39. Monte Verde, Chile (15k)

  40. Monte Verde, 15-13 K

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