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Chapter 17:2

Chapter 17:2. Communists Triumph in China. REVIEW…. What two groups of people were competing for power in China? Why did they, in the 1930s, stop fighting with each other? What was the Shanghai Massacre? What was the Long March? Who is Mao Zedong? Who is Jiang Jieshi?.

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Chapter 17:2

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  1. Chapter 17:2 Communists Triumph in China

  2. REVIEW… • What two groups of people were competing for power in China? Why did they, in the 1930s, stop fighting with each other? • What was the Shanghai Massacre? • What was the Long March? • Who is Mao Zedong? • Who is Jiang Jieshi? If you don’t know, look it up! Answers can be found in chapter 14 section 3 (begins on page 401).

  3. Chinese Political Opponents, 1945

  4. Jiang Jieshi, leader of the Nationalists Mao Zedong, leader of the Communists

  5. The Communists Take Over • After the Japanese withdrew from China, the conflicts between the Nationalists and Communists resumed • Because of collapsing economy, many people joined the Communist party and by October 1949, Mao Zedong had control of China • U.S. anti-Communist feeling increased

  6. Two Chinas • China split into two nations • Nationalist China, on the island of Taiwan • People’s Republic of China, on mainland China (Communist) Conflicts between Nationalist and Communist China worsened conflicts between the U.S. and Soviet Union

  7. Communists Attempt to Restore Chinese Power • Until 1959 Mao Zedong was chairman of Communist party and head of state • Agrarian Reform Law of 1950: took land from large landowners and divided it among peasants • More than 1 million landowners who resisted were killed • Collectivized farms from 1953 to 1957 • Each farm consisted of 200-300 households

  8. Chinese Communists Attempt to Restore Chinese Power • Women given full equality in the home • State sponsored child care • All private businesses brought under government control • Five-year-plans to increase industrial production • Communes: larger collective farms worked by 25,000 people each!

  9. Communes and the “Great Leap Forward” • Peasants organized into “production battalions” • Ate in communal dining rooms • Slept in communal dorms • People owned nothing • No incentive to work when only the state profited from their labor Agricultural production actually slowed and crop failures led to a famine that killed 20 million people by 1961

  10. The Need for Change • Mao discontinued relations with the Soviet Union • Changes to Mao’s Communist China by other Chinese leaders: • Farm families could live in private homes and sell crops • Factory workers could compete for wage increases, bonuses and promotions • In 1966, Mao led the Red Guards, or militia units formed by young Chinese in response to Mao’s call for a social and cultural revolution

  11. Red Guards

  12. Cultural Revolution • Major uprising led by the Red Guards beginning in 1966 • GOAL: to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal • Intellectual life was considered useless; therefore, the Red Guards shut down schools and colleges • Thousands of people were executed or died in jail • Lasted until 1976 when China was on the brink of civil war

  13. Elsewhere, the Cold War broke out into two full-scale wars… Korea Vietnam We’ll learn about these more in section 17:3

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