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Matching PLATEAU and JOURNEY with Your Annual Brome Control Program

Matching PLATEAU and JOURNEY with Your Annual Brome Control Program. Jim Crosby. Management Program. Fuel Breaks Green strips Restoration Release Re-vegetating After Fire Restoration. Avg of 1722 seeds/ft 2 Seed bank capable to renew population for 2 to 3 years without density reduction.

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Matching PLATEAU and JOURNEY with Your Annual Brome Control Program

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  1. Matching PLATEAU and JOURNEY with Your Annual Brome Control Program Jim Crosby

  2. Management Program • Fuel Breaks • Green strips • Restoration • Release • Re-vegetating • After Fire Restoration

  3. Avg of 1722 seeds/ft2 Seed bank capable to renew population for 2 to 3 years without density reduction Herbicides aid establishment of desirable species by limiting brome population - Must have at least a 3 year control plan, utilize IPM Important Bromes Phenology & Implications

  4. Important Bromes Phenology & Implications • Utilizes native plant interspace = need residual herbicide • Can germinate from 2-2.5” – need rain to incorporate herbicide Rocky, South facing slopes easily invadedhard to restore

  5. TILLERING DORMANT Invasive annual grass Lifecycle Winter annual July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

  6. Tillering Cheatgrass LifecycleSpring germination possible Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

  7. Mechanical • Cultivation / disking • favors annuals • Damages perennial root systems • Relocates seeds, extending survival • W/Herbicide • Disking followed by Plateau pre-emergence • Disking followed by Journey post-emergence • Rate/environment will determine longevity of control

  8. Mechanical • Mowing • Clipped 12x in one season, still produced a seedhead • Reduces cheatgrass height / potential flame length • W/Herbicide • Promotes duff layer breakdown • Utilize constant mowing or mowing/raking to prepare for herbicide treatment

  9. Cultural • Fire • Theory: Three consecutive burns can reduce populations • Reduce desirable species • Difficulty carrying fire 3rd year • Results =~ 50% control • Fall burn typically promotes annuals / fire loving • Brush fire typically destroys cheatgrass seed • W/Herbicide • Use fire to remove duff layer • Allow ~2wks for carbon to blow off • Apply PLATEAU or JOURNEY

  10. Cultural • Competitive plant species • Consider use of non-native, non-invasive grass Bluebunch Wheatgrass Poor Competitor Sandberg’s bluegrass Crested Wheatgrass Competes well Needle&thread

  11. Cultural • Grazing • Spring grazing / non-selective • Reduces seed production (does not stop seed production) • Remove animals to allow natives to recover • Goats: browse everything, including brush • Sheep & Horses: browse close to ground • Cattle: Pull off leaves • Allow 2-5 days fordigestive track to clear • W/Herbicide • Aid in reduction of thatch • Heavily graze spring followed by PLATEAU late summer or fall, pre-emeregence to cheatgrass germination

  12. Chemical Options

  13. /

  14. GLYPHOSATE MATURE EARLY TILLERING DORMANT Chemical

  15. Pre-emergence Optimum events Spray Rain / herbicide incorporation Germination/herbicide uptake Bromus death

  16. RESULT = only 30% to 70% control when treat at growth stage Pre-emergence Undesirable event sequence Rain Brome germination Herbicide application Additional brome growth / some brome control Rain / herbicide incorporation Root growth out of treated zone

  17. Chemical

  18. LIGHT LITTER LAYER

  19. HEAVY LITTER LAYER

  20. Unable to remove duff

  21. Downy brome controlFall Application Application: Nov 3, 1999 Rating date: May 3, 2000 % Downy brome control PLATEAU oz/A All treatments + 1qt MSO

  22. Conservation Targets and Goals • Fuel Breaks • Green strips • Restoration • Release • Re-vegetating • After Fire Restoration

  23. Create Fuel break to protect life / property • How close to subdivision(s)? • Ignition sources • spread • What disturbances are promoting cheatgrass? • Cheatgrass duff layer? • Desirable species remaining?

  24. Fire Modeling: Creating fire breaks–rate of fire spread 6 mile/hr wind 12 mile/hr wind 6 min mile Rate of Spread (m/min) 10 min mile 40 min mile Rate of spread (m/min) at 50% slope and two wind speeds and 5% fine fuel moisture comparing Plateau treatment to a non-treated area. Data collected and analyzed by Synergy Resource Solutions, Inc.

  25. Fire Modeling: Creating fire breaks – flame length 6 mile/hr wind 12 mile/hr wind Cannot be contained from head fire Flame Length (m) Hand tools Flame lenghth (m) at 50% slope and two wind speeds and 5% fine fuel moisture comparing Plateau treatment to a non-treated area. Data collected and analyzed by Synergy Resource Solutions, Inc.

  26. Operation order Assess area for annual grass Complete disturbance Remove brush Disking other Apply Plateau or Journey Seed area if needed for soil stabilization and annual brome competition Fuel break

  27. Conservation Targets and Goals • Fuel Breaks • Green strips • Restoration • Release • Re-vegetating • After Fire Restoration

  28. Operation order Assess area for annual brome Prepare seed bed Thatch removal Prescribed burn Over grazing Mowing/racking other Apply Plateau or Journey Seed area Green strip

  29. Conservation Targets and Goals • Fuel Breaks • Green strips • Restoration • Release • Re-vegetating • After Fire Restoration

  30. Release of rangeland from annual brome • Over grazed? • Season of grazing? • Can season be changed? • Dense mat of cheatgrass thatch? • Desirables species present? • How close to Ag production fields

  31. Most likely operation to succeed Most cost effective Immediate benefits Reduce fire risk Habitat recovery Determine cause of significant brome increase Adjust operations to reduce factors contributing to brome increase Apply Plateau #1 Release of rangeland from annual brome

  32. ThatchEstablished Planting Remove thatch / fire, grazing, mowing w/raking

  33. Release of Rangeland from Annual Brome • Important considerations • Desired plant tolerance • Application rate (gallons/acre) • Application equipment • Shadow effect of brush • Long-term program • Follow-up treatment in natural interspace ecosystem • Biological control/ responsible grazing • Promotion of desirable species to out compete re-invasion

  34. Conservation Targets and Goals • Fuel Breaks • Green strips • Restoration • Release • Re-vegetating • After Fire Restoration

  35. Restoration - Revegetation • Operation order • Prepare seed bed • Thatch removal • Prescribed burn • Over grazing • Mowing/racking • Other • Apply Plateau or Journey • Seed area same season

  36. Conservation Targets and Goals • Fuel Breaks • Green strips • Restoration • Release • Re-vegetating • After Fire Restoration

  37. After Fire Restoration • Number of past fires? • Cheatgrass seed population? • Desirable species recovery expected? • Seed mix species? • Planting method/timing?

  38. Prepared seed bedNew Planting

  39. WITH PLATEAU Wildfire May-August Allow carbon residue to dissipate (~2wks) Apply Plateau (or Journey) after late July up to germination of brome Seed at the desired time WITH JOURNEY Wildfire May-August Allow carbon residue to dissipate (~2wks) Apply Journey after brome germinate, up to early tiller Seed after herbicide application After Fire Restoration

  40. Important Points for Success: • Long-term management plan • Monitor results • Utilize competitive plant species • Manage to give desirable species the advantage • Consider thatch complications • Spray herbicide prior to planting!

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