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Organizational Text Features

Organizational Text Features. Why the need for organizational text features? -To help the reader understand the information presented! Consider your purpose when looking for or using a text feature. External Text Features

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Organizational Text Features

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  1. Organizational Text Features Why the need for organizational text features? -To help the reader understand the information presented! Consider your purpose when looking for or using a text feature.

  2. ExternalText Features External text structures are often found outside the main body of text. They include: • Italics • Bold • Underlining • Indentation • Sidebars • Pictures and graphics • Headings and subheadings • Footnotes

  3. Internal Text FeaturesInternal text structure is how the main body of the text is organized. It will be organized a certain way depending on its purpose. There are 7 different internal structures: • Sequential / Chronological • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Enumeration / Listing • Concept / Definition • Generalization • Process

  4. Sequential/Chronological (Process*) • It tells the order of facts, events, or concepts • Signal words/phrases: • Today Examples: timelines, records of • Meanwhile historical events, • First how-to guides (first, • Now turn the widget • Not long ago until it’s tight, next, • Finally take a nap . . .) • Next

  5. Sequential/Chronological Example • First, Golden Eagles soar high along ridges near their nests. Then, they search for prey. When a meal is spotted, they attack in a long swoop.

  6. Compare and Contrast • Tells how facts, people, and events and concepts are similar and different • Signal words/phrases: • Similarly • On the other hand • However • Yet • In spite of

  7. Compare and Contrast Example • Golden Eagles are apt to hunt for prey while Bald Eagles are more likely to take an easy meal.

  8. Cause and Effect • Tells how fact, events, people, concepts happen or exist because of other facts • Signal words/phrases: • As a result of • Consequently • So that • Because of • Since Examples: history books, science books

  9. Cause and Effect Example • So many Bald Eagles were killed by pesticides and illegal hunting. They were in danger of becoming extinct.

  10. Enumeration/Listing • Tells a listing of facts and events in no special order • Signal words/phrases: • Also • Another • Several • First Examples: grocery list, listing of examples

  11. Enumeration/Listing Example • 1. Golden Eagles are birds of prey. • 2. Golden Eagles search for prey. • 3. Golden Eagles swoop through the air to attack their prey.

  12. Concept/Definition • Tells the explanation or description of a concept or topic by using synonyms and signal words • Signal words/phrases: • Refers to • Thus • In other words • Described as • Equals Example: textbooks, encyclopedias

  13. Concept/Definition Example • Golden Eagles are powerful raptors with large dark brown bodies and small heads with golden crowns.

  14. Generalization • A statement about a whole group. Could be too broad and not based on fact. Often the word "all" will make a generalization untrue. Ex. "All trees lose their leaves in the fall.” • Signal words/phrases: • Always • In fact Examples: editorials, advertising

  15. Generalization Example • Golden Eagles are birds of prey.

  16. Process • Tells the procedure or process for how something is done/created • Signal words/phrases: • Begins with • In order to Examples: cookbooks, how-to books, science textbooks

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