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Task-Based Language Teaching & Assessment. 分享者:陳素淩 輔導員 hs4318@nc.hcc.edu.tw. The PPP paradigm. First present : The teacher presents an item of language in a clear context to get across its meaning. Then practice stage : Students are asked to complete a controlled practice stage (choral and
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Task-Based Language Teaching & Assessment 分享者:陳素淩 輔導員 hs4318@nc.hcc.edu.tw
The PPP paradigm. • First present: The teacher presents an item of language in a clear context to get across its meaning. • Then practice stage:Students are asked to complete a controlled practice stage(choral and individual drilling, etc.) • Finally produce: Sometimes it is called the 'free practice' stage (role play, etc.)
A Task-Based Language Teaching • Based on the use of tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction in language teaching(Richards & Rodgers, 2001) • Based around the completion of tasks which may include projects for producing posters, brochures, pamphlets, oral presentations, radio plays, videos, websites and dramatic performances.
The TBLT Framework ※Richards ( 1985) • Pretask activities: The focus is on thinking about a topic, generating vocabulary and related language, and developing expectations about the topic. The activities include brain-storming, ranking exercises, and problem-solving tasks. • Task activity: Engage in the process of completing a task. • Posttask activities: Focus on the aspects of language.
The TBLT Framework ※ Willis (1996) • Pre-task: • Task cycle: • Task: A task is carried out using target language. • Planning: Preparation for presenting what they have done • Report: Presenting their report • Language focus (Posttask): • Analysis: Making corrections and adjustments to the students' performance • Practice: Language areas are selected to practice based on what emerged from the task and report phases. ( like choral repetition, memory challenge games to increase students’ confidence).
Task types ※ Willis’ six task types (1996) • Listing • Ordering and sorting • Comparing • Problem solving • Sharing personal experiences • Creative tasks
Integrated Assessment • We are assessing all of the time. Assessment is integrated into life. • Integrated Assessment is merely a way to integrate multiple assessment practices into classroom instruction. • Assessment needs to be integrated into textbooks. • Assessment needs to be integrated into all phases of instruction.
Sources • Richards, J.C. (1985). Conversational competence through role-play activities. RELC Journal 16(1): 82-100. • Richards, J.C. and Rodgers, T.S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press. • Willis, J. (1996). A Framework for Task-Based Learning. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task-based_language_learning • http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/a-task-based-approach • http://www.tblt.net/ • http://www.youtube.com/ • Dr. Caroline Linse (Multiple Assessments: moving towards Integrated Assessment)