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The Old Testament

The Old Testament. What is the “ Old Testament ” and why does it matter?. Three Questions. What do we call the “ Old Testament ” ? How do we read the Old Testament? What history/story does the Old Testament tell? . What do we call the “Old Testament”?. Old Testament First Testament

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The Old Testament

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  1. The Old Testament

  2. What is the “Old Testament” and why does it matter?

  3. Three Questions • What do we call the “Old Testament”? • How do we read the Old Testament? • What history/story does the Old Testament tell?

  4. What do we call the “Old Testament”? • Old Testament • First Testament • Bible • Hebrew Bible • Tanakh

  5. THE BOOKS OF THE “OLD TESTAMENT”

  6. What makes up the Old Testament? • Collection of documents handed down over several centuries • First complete manuscript: Leningrad Codex 1008 CE • Earliest manuscript: fragment of Deut 6:24–26 from KetefHinnom close to Jerusalem (7th–6thc. BCE)

  7. How do we read the Old Testament? • As the “Word of God” • “All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness” (2 Tim 3:16) • “Like any other book” (Benjamin Jowett, 1860)

  8. What history/story does the Old Testament tell? • Primeval History (Gen 1–11) • The Patriarchs (Gen 12–50) Provan, Long & Longman, A Biblical History of Israel, 2003 Primeval Hist. Patriarchs Exile BC ? ca. 2100–1500 1000 586 515

  9. Biblical History: Exodus and Wandering TheExodus David Exile BC ca. 1500–1200 1000 586 515 722

  10. Biblical History: Settlement and Judges TheExodus David Exile BC 1200 1000 586 515 722

  11. Biblical History: United Monarchy TheExodus David & Solomon Exile BC 1200 1000 586 515 722

  12. Biblical History: Divided Monarchy TheExodus Rehoboam /Jeroboam Exile BC 1200 1000 586 515 722

  13. Biblical History: The Northern Kingdom • 880 Omri • 874 Ahab • 841 Jehu • ca. 735 Syro-Ephraimite War • 722 Israel rebels against the Assyrians Reaction: Samaria destroyed and king exiled. • The Northern Kingdom ceases to exist. TheExodus David Destruction of Israel BC 1200 1000 722 586 515

  14. Biblical History: The Southern Kingdom • 701 Hezekiah of Judah rebels against Sennacherib; Jerusalem narrowly escapes destruction. • 621 Josiah finds Book of the Law • 609 Josiah dies in battle near Megiddo against Egyptians. • Egyptians imprison Jehoahaz, Josiah’s son. • Egyptians appoint Jehoiaqim as their vassal-king. • 605 Babylonians win against Egyptians: Jehoiaqim switches over to their side. • 601 Babylonians fail to conquer Egypt. Judah switches over to the Egyptians again. • 597 Babylonians punish Judah; they besiege and conquer Jerusalem. They take Jehoiachin, Jehoiaqim’s son, prisoner and install Zedekiah, Jehoiachin’s uncle as king • 587 Zedekiah rebels – Nebuchadnezzar conquers and completely destroys Jerusalem. Exile to Babylon. • The southern kingdom ceases to exist. TheExodus David Fall of Samaria Exile BC 1200 1000 722 586 515

  15. Biblical History: The Return • 539 Cyrus the Great (king of Persia) conquers Babylon and the Jews go back to Israel (Judah) to rebuild the temple. • 515 Second Temple completed TheExodus David Fall of Samaria Exile End of Exile BC 1200 1000 722 586 515

  16. Katharine Dell

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