Active Mode Power Supply Efficiency:

1. Active Mode Power Supply Efficiency: Key Issues, Measured Data, and the Design Competition Opportunity Presentation at APEC 2004 February 24, 2004 Chris Calwell, Ecos Consulting, calwell@ecosconsulting.com Arshad Mansoor, EPRI-PEAC, AMansoor@epri-peac.com Robert Keefe, Electricity Innovation Institute, RKeefe@epri.com

3. Facilitate dialogue in power supply community regarding new efficiency technologies and applications Conduct market research to determine magnitude of potential energy savings opportunity Develop standardized testing protocols for power supply efficiency Conduct large-scale testing to determine existing efficiencies of external and internal power supplies Co-sponsor international design competition to encourage development and market success of fundamentally more efficient power supply designs Key Goals of the PIER Power Supply Project

4. Key Means of Industry Outreach Use efficientpowersupplies.org website to post new technical reports, link to industry product announcements, host discussion forums, and solicit comments on test procedures Attend and present at stakeholder workshops and conferences like the PSMA board meeting, China Power Supply Society, and APEC Engage OEMs and power supply buyers through the design competition Participate in policy discussions like Energy Star and the European Code of Conduct meetings

5. www.efficientpowersupplies.org

6. Market Research Goals are to measure, purchase, or estimate the key data needed to determine U.S. and CA energy use and savings opportunity for power supplies. These include: Annual unit sales Stocks (how many total units are in use?) Average hours of use by operating mode Power consumption by operating mode Current power supply efficiency curves Efficiency improvement potential

8. Phenomenal Growth Occurring in U.S. Sales of Key Power Supply-Containing Products

9. Indicators of Power Supply Energy Use and Savings Opportunities More than 3.1 billion power supplies now in use in the U.S. Annual U.S. sales of about 450 to 600 million units About 6 to 10% of U.S. electricity use is converted from high voltage AC to low voltage DC in power supplies: (200 to 340 billion kwh/year worth $16 to $27 billion/year About 3 to 4% of U.S. electricity use is consumed inside power supplies: (100 to 140 billion kwh/year worth $8 to $11 billion/year) More efficient power supplies could save 1 to 2% of all U.S. electricity use � about $3.4 to $6.8 billion/year!

10. Efficiency Test Procedures Single voltage external power supplies In draft since summer 2003 Comments received from dozens of international stakeholders by email and at 11/03 technical workshop Final draft completed in early February 2004, endorsed by governments of U.S., California, Canada, China, Australia, and Brazil Multi-voltage internal power supplies In draft since summer 2003 Generalized procedure with appendices for particular applications More comments needed from interested stakeholders

11. Key Features of Test Procedure AC input power and DC output power measured at no-load, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of rated current output Power factor and THD information also recorded at each load point Efficiency percentages and net power supply consumption calculated at each load point Data posted for distribution and comparison in standard report form

12. No-Load and Active Mode Efficiencies Don�t Always Correlate

13. External Power Supply Efficiency Testing On behalf of PIER, Ecos Consulting tested about 225 U.S. units (new and used) between the fall of 2002 and February 2004. On behalf of CECP, Chinese laboratory CEPREI tested 500 new Chinese units as part of ongoing safety testing in fall of 2003. On behalf of the Australian Greenhouse Office, the University of New South Wales tested 47 new and used Australian units in January 2004.

15. Average Active Mode Data and Proposed Specification (0 to 10 watts close-up)

16. No-Load Data and Proposed Specification

22. How Efficient Could Desktop PC Power Supplies Become?

23. International Design Competition for Power Supply Efficiency Three major competition categories: Market-ready, single voltage, external Includes wattage subcategories and criteria for cost effectiveness and form factor Open-class, single voltage, external Major focus on efficiency; no cost constraints Market-ready internal ATX personal computer Set top box CRT television LCD television

24. Goals of the Design Competition Spur innovation to maximize active mode efficiency and minimize no-load consumption Elevate prominence of most efficient manufacturers Encourage integration of advanced power supplies into highly efficient finished products Encourage consumer electronics manufacturers to purchase the winning designs for use in consumer products Encourage universities and independent researchers to demonstrate the state of the art Build awareness of the importance of power supply efficiency in the popular press and among consumers who purchase electronics

25. Design Competition Timeline Official kick-off at APEC: 02/23/04 Supplemental competition guidelines posted at efficientpowersupplies.org: 03/10/04 Deadline to submit questions clarifying final competition rules and guidelines: 04/09/04 Final competition clarifications posted at efficientpowersupplies.org: 04/19/04 Deadline to submit competition entries for laboratory measurement and judging: 11/15/04 Judging concludes: 02/01/05 Winners announced at APEC �05 and in trade press: 03/06/05