1 / 37

DNA: Structure and Function

DNA: Structure and Function The DNA Revolution 1940s-1960s Griffith & Avery—DNA transformed pneumococcus bacteria. Encouraged the study of prokaryotic chromosomes. Hershey and Chase—Bacteriophage experiment. DNA from viruses is injected to host bacteria cells. Griffith and Avery

bernad
Download Presentation

DNA: Structure and Function

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA: Structure and Function

  2. The DNA Revolution • 1940s-1960s • Griffith & Avery—DNA transformed pneumococcus bacteria. • Encouraged the study of prokaryotic chromosomes. • Hershey and Chase—Bacteriophage experiment. DNA from viruses is injected to host bacteria cells.

  3. Griffith and Avery

  4. Hershey & Chase

  5. Hershey & Chase

  6. Hershey & Chase

  7. The Search for the Structure of the DNA Molecule • 1951—Rosalind Franklin—X-ray crystallography • Chargaff—Chargaff’s rules. Ratio of nitrogenous bases in DNA. Complimentary bases. • Watson & Crick--1953

  8. Franklin

  9. Chargaff

  10. Nucleotides Sugar—Deoxyribose Phosphate Group Nitrogenous Bases Adenine & Thymine are complementary. Cytosine and Guanine are complimentary. Purines—Adenine & Guanine Pyrimidines—Cytosine & Thymine 5’ End—Phosphate side 3’ End—Other side Watson & Crick Model of DNA

  11. DNA is composed of 2 chains of nucleotides that form a double helix shape. The two strands are antiparallel. The backbone of the DNA molecule is composed of alternating phosphate groups and sugars. The complimentary nitrogenous bases form hydrogen bonds between the strands. A is complimentary to T and G is complimentary to C. Watson & Crick Model

  12. DNA Model

  13. DNA • Functions • 1. Storage of genetic information • 2. Self-duplication & inheritance. • 3. Expression of the genetic message. • DNA’s major function is to code for proteins. • Information is encoded in the order of the nitrogenous bases.

  14. Prokaryotic Circular Very small 1 chromosome per cell Some enzymes and proteins are associated with the DNA. Not housed in a nucleus. Eukaryotic Linear Fairly long Several chromosomes per cell. Histone proteins---”spools”. Same in all eukaryotes Housed in a nucleus. Nucleosome—2 loops of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins. Unity theme. Chromosomes

  15. DNA mRNA Proteins Traits Replication Unzip Template Floating nucleotides Template Sense strand Semiconservative Replication DNA Polymerase Proofreading functions 5’ to 3’ only Replication fork Discontinuous assembly Okazaki fragments Central Dogma of Genetics

  16. RNA • 3 types—mRNA, tRNA, rRNA • Ribose • Uracil replaces Thymine • Single stranded helix

  17. Transcription • RNA polymerase • Messenger RNA • mRNA • Unzipping of DNA helix. • Sense strand or template strand • Codons • Genetic code

  18. Ribosomes rRNA Large and small subunits Codons Initiator or start codon Methionine (AUG) Stop codons tRNA Initiation Chain Elongation Peptide bonds Chain termination Polysome Translation

More Related