I-Living: An Open System Architecture for Assisted Living

1. I-Living: An Open System Architecture for Assisted Living Qixin Wang, Wook Shin, Xue Liu, Zheng Zeng, Cham Oh, Bedoor K. AlShebli, Marco Caccamo, Carl A. Gunter, Elsa Gunter, Jennifer Hou, Karrie Karahalios, and Lui Sha Presented in IEEE SMC 2006 Oct. 2006

2. Motivation The aging of baby boomers has become a social and economic challenge Population: In USA alone, population over age 65 is expected to hit 70 million by 2030, doubling from 35 million in 2000, and similar increases are expected worldwide (MIT’s TECHNOLOGY REVIEW July/August 003). Expenditure: Expenditure for health-care projected to rise to 15.9% of the GDP ($2.6 trillion) by 2010 (Digital 4Sight’s Health Care Industry Study). Unless the cost of senior care can be significantly reduced by technological means, it could bankrupt the already shaky social security and medicare systems.

3. Motivation Move-away from the nuclear family household and the increasingly youth-oriented society Leaves many people to their own means in receiving health care and satisfaction from life. Only 10% of elderly people of age 65-85 and 25% of those of age 85 and above in the USA are institutionalized (National Institute of Aging). Numbers of elderly people living alone in Korea has increased 100% in the last ten years. Many suffer from deteriorating sensing and interacting capabilities, such as memory, eye sight, hearing, dexterity and mobility. Many suffer from chronic diseases

4. Design Goals Dependability: Critical Services will be failure safe High availability Robustness Low Cost and Flexibility Open to low-cost third-party devices Assumption, protocol, QoS guarantee discrepancies are to be discovered by machine checkable means Security and Privacy Different levels of info disclosure to different roles Authentication, Encryption, and Anti-DOS (Denial-Of-Service) QoS Provisioning Timing, reliability, criticality guarantees Over wireless and wireline

5. Design Goals Wireless Interference Mitigation Bluetooth v.s. IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11a v.s. Microwave QoS guarantee under wireless interference Human Computer Interfaces Lightweight Easy-to-Use Safe and Robust to user mistakes Provide different control levels of info disclosure

6. Design Goals Thorough Evaluation and User Group Studies Evaluated in terms of the extent to which the technology help elderly people with their independent living in the home or assisted living facilities their attitudes toward deploying these technologies Different hypothesis amenable to theoretically-grounded tests will be established Detailed comprehensive evaluation carried out by professionals in real facilities (WUSTL)

7. Example Scenarios Activity Reminder Vital Sign Measurement Personal Belonging Localization Personal Behavior Profiling Emergency Detection

8. I-Living System Architecture Design (Gateway Mode)

9. I-Living System Architecture Design (Gateway Mode)

10. I-Living System Architecture Design (Gateway Mode)

11. I-Living System Architecture Design (Cellphone Mode)

12. I-Living System Architecture Design (Cellphone Mode)

13. System Architecture Design of Assisted-Living-Hub (ALH)

14. System Architecture Design of Assisted-Living-Hub (ALH)

15. System Architecture Design of Assisted-Living-Hub (ALH)

16. System Architecture Design of Assisted-Living-Hub (ALH)

17. Security and Privacy Mechanisms To protect information confidentiality (different visibility to different roles) Partial Encryption: e.g. first encrypt the vital sign reading using the key between AP and clinician; then encrypt the whole message (with administrative info) using the key known to AP, ALSP Server and the clinician. Therefore, although the message is stored in ALSP Server, but ALSP Server cannot read the vital sign.

18. Security and Privacy Mechanisms To ensure data integrity in the home WLAN with link-level authentication and encryption Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 Personal (WPA-PSK) Propose using specialized USB memory stick to deliver encryption keys

19. Current Demo Implementation (Reminder)

20. Current Demo Implementation (Vital Sign Reading)

21. Related Work Center for Future Health (CFH), University of Rochester Key component: visual system for object recognition and tracking Our research complements CFH in two aspects Focus on assisted living environment; CFH is for nursing homes and hospitals Focus on open software architecture None-intrusive sensing instead of visual system

22. Related Work Aware Home, Georgia Tech Focuses on context awareness Ours focus on QoS provisioning, wireless networking, security and privacy, HCI Smart In-Home Monitoring System, University of Virginia Focus on non-intrusive data collection The data management system is complementary to our research.

23. Related Work Age-in-Place Advanced Smart-Home System, Intel Help elderly people with Alzheimer’s diseases The focus is not on systems reliability, robustness, security, and wireless coexistance. To our best knowledge, we are the first to advocate an open environment that allows devices from different vendors to co-exist and collaborate Working with experienced medical and health care experts at Washing University in Saint Louis in employing a comprehensive, systematic HCI-based methodology for evaluation among real-world elderly people.

24. Conclusion Openess and Flexibility is provided by deploying Device Registry Service, Proxy, Unified Application-Peripheral Communication APIs, XML and Java technology. Availability is ensured by enabling system to operate both in the Gateway Mode and Cellphone Mode. Security and Privacy are addressed partial encryption, WPA2-PSK Implemented 2 demo applications for proof-of-concept

25. Thank You!